136 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 



the left common carotid, and left subclavian arose ; the innominate almost immediately 

 divided into the right subclavian and common carotid. From the right side of the base of 

 the innominate a branch as large as the human ulnar proceeded, which passed backwards 

 to the bifurcation of the trachea where it was cut across ; it was probably a bronchial 

 artery and in its course it supplied some large lymphatic glands placed at the side of the 

 trachea. 



There was only one anterior vena cava, which received immediately in front of the 

 right bronchus a large azygos vein. The posterior vena cava was large where it opened 

 into the right auricle. 



The uteri were bicornuated and non-gravid. In the largest uterus the corpus was 4^ 

 inches (114 mm.) long, and each cornu was 1\ inches (190 mm.) long. The walls of the 

 uterus were tough and densely fibrous. In the cervix the wall was 20 mm. thick, in the 

 corpus 5 mm., in the cornu 4 mm. The mucous membrane was elevated into strongly 

 projecting parallel folds, which had a direction corresponding to the long axis of the 

 cavity ; these folds closely resembled the appearance which I have previously described 

 in the non-gravid uteri of Halichcei^us grypus and Cystophora cristata. 1 The ovary was 

 about the size of a walnut, and was enveloped by a sac-like expansion of the peritoneum. 



The testicles were 7 inches (178 mm.) long, 3 inches broad, and about lj inch thick. 

 A large and projecting epididymis ran along one border of each gland. 



The kidneys were multilobulated, 6£ inches (159 mm.) long, 3 inches broad, and 

 2 inches thick. The lobules were about the same size as one finds them in the kidney 

 of Globiocephalus melas. 



Nearly four feet of the small intestine had been preserved. It was firmly contracted 

 so that the lumen was closed, and the transverse diameter of the tube was only f-ths of an 

 inch. 



The pyloric end of the stomach was preserved. It contained no food, but a quantity 

 of sand and fine gravel, the largest particle of which was about the size of a coffee bean. 

 After the Challenger had returned home there was forwarded to Sir Wyville Thomson, 

 from the Cape of Good Hope, a small box labelled " Seal's Ballast Bag." It contained 

 a dried and somewhat shrivelled membranous hollow organ, 11^ inches (292 mm.) long 

 by 5tj inches (140 mm.) in its greatest circumference. The cavity of this organ was to a 

 large extent occupied with smooth pebbles, flattened at the sides as if from mutual 

 attrition. I have not removed them from the cavity of the organ, as it would be 

 difficult to replace them, so that I cannot state the exact number, but there are certainly 

 upwards of twenty. They vary in size ; one of the largest is 1^ inch (38 mm.) in its 

 long diameter, and there are several of almost equal dimensions, but the smallest is 

 not much larger than a coffee bean. There is but little doubt that this so-called 

 " ballast bag" is the dried stomach of a Seal. 



1 On the Placentaticm of Seals, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., 1875, vol. xxvii. p. 275. 



