REPORT ON THE SEALS. 1G3 



removed from the palmar fascia, to which it is closely adherent. In Phoca barbata the origin was 

 partly destroyed, but the fragment appeared the same ; the insertion is similar, b. The second 

 part is a narrow tendinous slip, and arises from the internal condyle between the flexor carpi 

 radialis and the flexor communis digitorum (first head), and is inserted into the deep fascia over the 

 ulnar side of the wrist. 



Humphry does not separate this muscle into its divisions, but our descriptions are very much 

 the same. Lucae's insertion is not anything like what Professor Humphry and I make it to be. 



In Aretoecphalns there are three palmar muscles — the Palmaris longus; superficialis, and 

 profundus. 



a. The Palmaris longus, the palmaris longus primus of Murie, has a fascial and a bony origin. 

 It arises from the internal surface of the internal condyle by a tendinous slip, also by a muscular 

 slip which is blended for a short distance with the flexor carpi radialis, and from the convex side 

 of a fascial band for 1 inch, and blends with the superficial palmar for half an inch on the inner 

 side. This slender muscle ends in a fine tendon at the junction of the upper third with the lower 

 two-thirds of the radius, and at the lower end of the radius the tendon dips beneath the broad 

 tendon of the deep palmar, upon the under surface of which it expands on both sides, forming a 

 triangle with the apex as the continuation of the tendon ; over the base of the 1st metacarpal it 

 is moored to the under surface of the tendon of the deep palmar muscle, and ends over the 1st 

 metacarpal. 



b. The Palmaris superficialis, the palmaris longus secundus of Murie, is a slender broad layer of 

 muscular fibres lying upon the deep palmar. It arises from the convex side of a fascial band, with 

 the exception of that portion on its anterior side which gives origin to the palmaris longus. This 

 band stretches from the internal condyle over the deep palmar to which it is closely bound, and 

 ends upon the anterior edge of the dorsi-epitrochlear. Below the band on the posterior side its 

 fibres are blended with the dorsi-epitrochlear for half an inch, and on the anterior with the palmaris 

 longus for the same distance. It crosses the deep palmar muscle ; and is inserted into the skin 

 opposite the ulnar border of the base of the 5th metacarpal ; the bulk of the tendon lies along 

 the ulnar border of the 5th metacarpal, and is attached to the head of this bone, and to the 

 ulnar side of the whole of the 1st phalanx. 



c. The Palmaris profundus is the palmaris longus tertius of Murie, and has an extensive origin. 

 It arises from the internal surface of the olecranon ; from the inner edge of the quadrilateral surface 

 behind the sigmoid cavity ; from the capside of the elbow-joint ; from the internal concave surface 

 of the ulna in its upper half, posterior to the ridge running down the shaft from the sigmoid 

 cavity ; and from the upper half of the posterior border of the idna by an aponeurosis. At the 

 level of the junction of the olecranon and the posterior border of the ulna on the surface of the 

 muscle is a slender aponeurosis which covers its whole breadth, and as it descends upon the muscle 

 towards the lower end of the shaft it becomes thick and strong. The muscle-fibres terminate abruptly 

 on its posterior surface, parallel with the posterior border of the lower half of the ulna. This 

 tendon is also common to the flexor carpi ulnaris. By its posterior border below, it is attached to 

 the pisiform bone, and to the anterior border of the flexor carpi ulnaris ; it gives a tendinous slip 

 to the radial side of the base of the 5th metacarpal, and another strong broad one to the base of the 

 1st phalanx of the 5th digit ; from the tendon to the 1st phalanx a slip joins the transverse liga- 

 ment, i.e., the metacarpophalangeal ; the rest of the broad tendon crosses the wrist obliquely from 



