REPORT ON THE SEALS. 179 



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last lumbar vertebra, from the anterior half of the 1st sacral vertebra, from their intervertebral 

 discs, and from the anterior sacro-iliac ligament. It turns over the ilium between the anterior 

 and inferior spines and the pectineal eminence, going beneath the tendon of the psoas minor which 

 passes to the pectineal eminence. Hence it goes downwards to the lower end of the inner 

 border of the femur, and is inserted into the supracondyloid ridge, occupying the lower third of the 

 internal border of the femur above the condyle and below the ilio-femoralis et lumbalis anterior 

 found in this specimen. 



In Phoca hispida it arises from the ventral surface of the side of the body of the last lumbar 

 vertebra, and from the intervertebral plates above and below {i.e., anterior and posterior to this 

 vertebra). It descends from the vertebral column over the iliac synchondrosis below the tendon of 

 the psoas minor or secundus, and is inserted into the supracondyloid ridge as the last. 



In Phoca barbata it arises from the last lumbar vertebra, but only from the lower or posterior 

 part of its ventral surface, from the ventral surface 1st vertebra of the sacrum, from the inter- 

 vertebral disc anterior to the last lumbar, and from the disc between the last lumbar and the 

 sacrum. The course is the same as in the small specimen of PJwca vikdina, and it is inserted as the 

 other muscles. 



In Arctoceplmlus gazclla it is situated to the inner side of the psoas minor, and arises from the 

 sides and ventral surfaces of the lower border of the second last lumbar vertebra, from the upper 

 half of the same part of the last lumbar, and from the intervertebral disc between it and the 

 2nd lumbar, and from the root of the transverse process of the last lumbar. From the sides of 

 the vertebral column it descends, partly hidden by the large psoas minor. At the level of the 

 insertion of the psoas major it passes beneath the tendon of the minor, and after crossing the 

 capsule of the hip-joint turns round the inner surface of the femur. It is inserted into the inferior 

 large surface of the small trochanter of the femur, behind the insertion of the iliacus and in front of 

 the insertion of the pectineus. 



In Macrorhinus leoninus there is no psoas tertius coming from the vertebral column, but there 

 is an Plio-femoralis posterior. It arises only from the entire length of the outer side of the pecti- 

 neal eminence, reaching as far forwards as the tendon of insertion of the psoas magnus, which it 

 slightly overlaps. It is inserted into the supracondyloid ridge on the inner border of the femur, 

 just as are the ilio-femoralis anterior, the ilio-femoralis et lumbalis anterior, and the lumbo-femoralis 

 posterior found in the various animals. 



The Iliacus, as a separate muscle, was found in three specimens. From the distortion of the 

 bony parts and the small size of the ventral surface of the ilium one might easily be led to suppose 

 that there was no iliacus. This idea would seem not unwarranted, seeing that the femur has no 

 trochanter minor in the Phocinre and Macrorhinus (PI. IV. fig. 4). But when one turns to a 

 large specimen of a Phoca, good reason may be found for the identification of this muscle. 



In the large Phoca vikdina it arises from the ventral surface of the ilium between the inser- 

 tions of the psoas magnus and minor. This surface is equivalent to that portion of the ventral 

 surface of the human ilium, which is immediately above the ilio pectineal eminence. It passes 

 beneath the psoas secundus tendon on both sides, and the lumbo-femorahs on the right. The 

 former is embedded in it on both sides, and the latter also on the right. The pectineal eminence 

 being very prominent, and at its anterior end perpendicular to the ventral surface of the ilium, the 

 fibres which arise from this surface are at right angles to those from the ventral surface of the 



