Sect. II. 2. 10. DEFINITIONS. 7 



through all this treatife the word fenfation is ufed to exprefs 

 pleafure or pain only in its active ft ate, by whatever means it is 

 introduced into the fyftem, without any reference to the ftimu- 

 lation of external objects. 



10. The vulgar ufe of the word memory is too unlimited for 

 our purpofe : thofe ideas which we voluntarily recall are here 

 termed ideas of reco/Ieclion, as when we will to repeat the alpha- 

 bet backwards. And thofe ideas which are fuggefted to us by 

 preceding ideas are here termed ideas of fuggef.ion^ as whilft we 

 repeat the alphabet in the ufual order ; when by habits previ- 

 oufly acquired B is fuggefted by A, and C by B, without any 

 effort of deliberation. 



1 1 . The word affbciation properly fignifies a fociety or con- 

 vention of things in fome refpects fimilar to each other. We 

 never fay in common language, that the effect is aflbciated with 

 the caufe, though they neceflarily accompany or fucceed each 

 other. Thus the contractions of our mufcles and organs of 

 fenfe may be faid to be aflbciated together, but cannot with pro- 

 priety be faid to be aflbciated with irritations, or with volition^ 

 or with fenfation ; becaufe they are caufed by them, as men- 

 tioned in Sect:. IV. When fibrous contractions fucceed other 

 fibrous contractions, the connexion is termed affociation ,• when 

 fibrous contractions fucceed fenforial motions, the connexion 

 is termed caufation ; when fibrous and fenforial motives recipro- 

 cally introduce each other in progreffive trains or tribes, it is 

 termed catenation of animal motions. All thefe connexions are 

 faid to be produced by habit ; that is, by frequent repetition. 



1 2. It may be proper to obferve, that by the unavoidable idi- 

 om of our language the ideas of perception, of recollection, or of 

 imagination, in the plural number fignify the ideas belonging to 

 perception, to recollection, or to imagination ; whilft the idea 

 of perception, of recollection, or of imagination, in the lingular 

 number is ufed for what is termed « a reflex idea of any of thofe 

 operations of the fenforium." 



13. By the v/ord Jlimulus is not only meant the application of 

 external bodies to our organs of fenfe and mufcular fibres, which 

 excites into action the fenforial power termed irritation ; but al- 

 fo pleafure or pain, when they excite into action the fenforial 

 power termed fenfation ; and defire or averfion, when they ex- 

 cite into action the power of volition ; and laftly, the fibrous 

 contractions which precede aflbciation ; as is further explained 

 in Sect. XII. 2. 1. 



