Sect. XVI. 5. 1. OF INSTINCT, io| 



fort to relieve it. Many children fneeze before they refpire, but 

 not all, as far as I have obferved, or can learn from others. 



At length, by the direction of its fenfe of fmell, or by the offi- 

 cious care of its mother, the young animal approaches the odo- 

 riferous rill of its future nourishment, already experienced to 

 f wallow. But in the a£t of fwallowiilg, it is necetTary nearly 

 to clofe the mouth, whether the creature be immerfed in the fluid 

 it is about to drink, or not : hence, when the child firft attempts 

 to fuck, it does not (lightly comprefs the nipple between its lips, 

 and fuck as an adult perfon would do, by abforbing the milk 5 

 but it takes the whole nipple into its mouth for this purpofe, 

 comprefTesit between its gums, and thus repeatedly chewing (as 

 it were) the nipple, preiTes out the milk ; exactly in the fame 

 manner as it is drawn from the teats of cows by the hands o£ 

 the milkmaid. The celebrated Harvey obferves, that the foetus 

 in the womb muft have fucked in a part of its nourifnrnent, be- 

 caufe it knows how to fuck the minute it is born, as any one 

 may experience by putting a finger between its lips, and becaufe 

 in a few days it forgets this art of fucking, and cannot without 

 fome difficulty again acquire it, (Exercit. de Gener. Anim. 4S). 

 The fame obfervation is made by Hippocrates. 



A little further experience teaches the young animal to fuck 

 by abforption, as well as by qpmpreGion 5 that is, to open the 

 cheft as in the beginning of refpiration, and thus to rarefy the 

 air in the mouth, that the prefTure of the denfer external atmos- 

 phere may contribute to force out the milk. 



The chick yet in the (hell has learnt to drink by fwallowing 

 a part of the white of the e^g for its food 5 but not having ex- 

 perienced how to take up and fwallow folid feeds, or grains, is 

 either taught by the folicitous induftry of its mother ; or by 

 many repeated attempts is enabled at length to diftinguiih and 

 to fwallow this kind of nutriment. 



And puppies, though they know how to fuck like other ani- 

 mals from their previous experience in fwallowing, and in ref- 

 piration ; yet are they long in acquiring the art of lapping with 

 their tongues, which from the flaccidity pi their cheeks, and 

 length of their mouths, is afterwards a more convenient way 

 for them to take in water. 



V. The fenfes of fmell and tafte in many other animals 

 greatly excel thofe of mankind, for in civilized fociety, as our 

 victuals are generally prepared by others, and are adulterated 

 with fait, fpice, oil, and empyreuma, we do not hefitate ab 

 eating whatever is fet before us, and negledt to cultivate thefe 

 fenfes : whereas other animals try every morfel by the fmell, be- 

 fore they take it into their mouths, and by the tafte before they 



Vol. I. P fwallow 



