394 GENERATION. Sect. XXXIX. 4. ST. 



Secondly, when we think over the great changes introduced in- 

 tovarious animals by artificial or accidental cultivation, as inhorics, 

 which we have exercifed for the different purpofes of llrength or 

 fwiftnefs, in carrying burthens or in running races ; or in dogs, 

 which have been cultivated for ftrength and courage, as the bull- 

 dog ; or for acutenefs of his fenfe of fmell, as the hound and 

 fpaniel -, or for the fwiftnefs of his foot, as the greyhound ; or for 

 his fwimming in the water, or for drawing fnow-iledges, as the 

 rough-haired dogs of the north ; or lailly, as a play-dog for 

 children, as the lap-dog - 7 with the changes of the forms of the 

 cattle, which have been domefticated from the greateft antiquity, 

 r.; camels, and fheep •, which have undergone fo total a transfor- 

 mation, that we are now ignorant from what fpecies of wild ani- 

 ls they had their origin. Add to thefe the great changes of 

 fhape and colour, which we daily fee produced in fmaller ani- 

 mals from our domeftication of them, as rabbits, or pigeons ; or 

 from the difference of climates and even of feafons ; thus the 

 fheep of warm climates are covered with hair inftead of wool j- 

 and the hares and partridges of the latitudes, which are long buri- 

 ed in fnow, become white during the winter months ; add to- 

 thefe the various changes produced in the ferrns of mankind, by 

 their early modes of exertion ; or by the difeafes occafioned by 

 their habits of life j both of which became hereditary, and that 

 t] rough many generations. Thofe who labour at the anvil, the 

 oar, or the loom, as well as thofe who carry fedan-ch airs, or who 

 have been educated to dance upon the rope, are diftinguifliable 

 by the fhape cf their limbs ; and the difeafes occanoned by in- 

 toxication deform the countenance with leprous eruptions, or the 

 body with tumid vifcera, or the ioints with knots and diflortions. 

 Thirdly,, when we enumerate the great changes produced in 

 the fpecies of animals before their nativity \ thefe are fuch as 

 referable the form or colour of their parents, which have be 

 altered bv the cultivation or accidents above related, and are 

 thur, continued to their poftevity. Or they are changes produ- 

 ced by the mixture of fpecies as in mules ; or changes produced 

 probably by the exuberance of nouriihment fuppued to the i 

 tils, a^ in monltrous births with additional limbs *, many of thefe 

 enormities of fhape are propagated, and continued as a variety 

 at leaf!, if not as a new fpecies of animal. I have (etn a breed 

 of cat; with an additional claw on every foot; of poultry all 

 with an additional claw, and with wings to their feet ; and of 

 others without rumps. Mr. BurTon mentions a breed of dog 

 without tails, which are common at Rome arid at Naples, which 

 he fuppojTes to have been produce^ by a cuftom long eftablifhi 

 of culling their tails- clofe off. There are many kinds of t is« 



admixed 



