REPORT ON THE CRUSTACEA MACRURA. lxxxi 



Mr. Salter says — "It is, I should think, doubtful, judging by the figures, if it be a 

 crustacean at all." 1 



The genus Palseocarabus — of which the species Palasocarabus russellianus, being 

 the best preserved, may be accepted as the type — is very near the Astacidea with its 

 short and stunted scaphocerite ; but Anthrapalsemon, of which the species Anthra- 

 pal&mon fromrtii appears to be the most perfect in preservation, has no scapho- 

 cerite, nor can this be due to its want of preservation, inasmuch as the peduncle of 

 the second antennae is well preserved and minutely figured by the late Mr. J. W. 

 Salter. 2 



Among the specimens of the Challenger collection, I found in one of the bottles a 

 dismembered specimen of a deep-sea genus belonging to the Galatheidaa, that so closely 

 resembled the fossil Anthrapalsemon that it might I think be accepted as belonging to 

 the same genus. The fossil specimen is recorded from the " slaty band" of the black- 

 band ironstone of the Carboniferous limestone of Lanarkshire. The genus Pemphix, von 

 Meyer, appears to possess all the characters of a Galathasan ; while the genera Glyplisea 

 and Scapheus approach the Callianassidse, to which family the genus Megacherus appears 

 also to belong. 



The genus Clytia, as restored by Eeuss, except for the accidental additions of a somite 

 too many to the pleon, is suggestive of the genus Phoberus, A. Milne-Edwards, in which 

 the appendages are a Httle more robust than is seen in the Challenger species, Phoberus 

 tenuimanus ; and the genus Thaumastocheles has its prototype in the recently discovered 

 Stenocheles of the Chalk formation of Bavaria. 



Miinster's species of Palinurella pygmwa from the White Jura bears a near resemblance 

 to a young specimen of Palinurus of the recent seas, of which the common Rock or Spiny 

 Lobster {Palinurus vulgaris) may be considered as the type. It is generally called the 

 "Crawfish" by the Cornish fishermen, and is very plentiful all round the shores of 

 Europe, being very abundant at the entrance to the English Channel. It appears to be 

 essentially a northern and southern form. It is represented in the South Indian Ocean 

 by Palinurus edwardsii, which ranges from the Cape of Good Hope to New Zealand, by 

 Palinurus trigonus in Japan, Palinurus frontalis on the coast of South America, and 

 by Palinurus longimanus from the Antilles. Besides these species which are only 

 separated from each other by small differences that have only been appreciated by 

 the minute observations of modern research, there are a large number of allied forms, 

 which are more widely separated in organisation, but which may readily be determined 

 by having the flagella attached to the first pair of antennae very much longer and more 

 slender than in those already referred to. These were placed by the late Dr. Gray of the 

 British Museum under the generic name of Panulirus. 



1 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. xvii. p. 533, 1861. 



2 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. xvii. p. 531, figs. 1, 2, 1861. 



(ZOOL. CHALL. EXP. — PART LII. — 188S.) Fff I 



