140 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 



description he gives of it and his figure, to be referable to the present species. In his 

 description the corallum is said to be of " irregular shape, resulting from the young being 

 originally attached to fragments of the parent which become gradually covered over and 

 incorporated by the base ; " " the costae distinct to the base, and fine granulated ; " " the 

 septa of the third order lowest of all ; " " the primary and secondary septa coloured of a 

 dark purple, which colour continues some distance down the corresponding costae ; " " the 

 young bud out of the calicle, which is split in consequence." All of these pecubarities 

 apply also to Bathycyathus maculatus, as described and figured by the same author, and 

 as may be seen in the present Challenger specimens. Moreover, in some of the Chal- 

 lenger specimens (fig. 8, a), which are undoubtedly from Pourtales' photographic figure 

 identical with Bathycyathus maculatus, the tertiary costas are most prominent, and in 

 some there is a coloured spot on each of the quaternary costae below the border of the 

 calicle, peculiarities also cited by Count Pourtales as occurring in Parasmilia variegata. 

 It is further stated that the presence of dissepiments was not observed in this latter coral. 



The specimen here figured (fig. 9, a) is exceptionally large and evenly grown, being- 

 attached to a Gorgonoid stem. The primary and secondary costae are prominent near 

 the margin of the calicle, are there coloured brown, as are also the exsert parts of the 

 corresponding septa. A few of the tertiary septa are tipped with brown, and there is a 

 brown dot on one or two of the quaternary costae. The pali are more than usually 

 well developed, as also the columella, which is composed of a mass of twisted and 

 contorted coral matter continuous with the inner margins of the septa. The amount 

 of coloration of the septa seems to vary widely in this species, as might be expected, 

 but the presence of dark brown pigment tinging some septa and costae and not others is 

 characteristic of it. 



Station 170. Off the Kermadec Islands. 630 fathoms. One specimen only. 



Station 122. Off Barra Grande, Brazil. 400 fathoms. Five specimens. 



Caryophyllia lamellifem, n. sp. (PI. I. fig. 7, a-b). 



The corallum is cylindro-conical, attached by a stout pedicle, which is ddated and 

 encrusted at the base. The whole is in the adult compressed and slightly curved. It is 

 of a brown colour, both in the adult and young. The entire outer surface of the corallum 

 is covered with a series of delicate but sharply-cut projecting ridges or lamellse formed of 

 epithecal substance, which give it the appearance of the cutting surface of a file. The 

 lamellse, which are sharp-edged, are separated by sulci, which are of about three times 

 their own width. They course parallel to one another horizontally around the surface of 

 the corallum, and the several ridges extend for long distances, branching, or joining 

 contiguous ridges only at long intervals. Some ridges probably extend entirely round the 

 pedicle and cup of the corallum. The ridges are of hard and glistening coral substance ; 

 they are continued over the costae, which are but little prominent, and on the outer edges 



