REPORT ON CORALS — DEEP-SEA MADREPORARIA. 141 



of the exsert septa there are small notches indicating a direct continuation of the ridges 

 on them. The ridges are, unfortunately, not properly drawn in the plate, but an idea 

 of their appearance will be obtained from fig. 8b, Plate I., which shows their form in a 

 closely allied species. The calicle is oval in outline : in the single adult specimen obtained 

 the septa are disposed hexradiately and quite symmetrically. There are six systems of 

 septa and four complete cycles. The septa are all exsert, the primary being more 

 prominent than the secondary. The tertiary and quaternary septa are little prominent, 

 the latter more so than the former. The surfaces of all the septa in their upper regions 

 are covered with abundant rounded granules disposed in rows ; these in the depths of 

 the calicle appear as small, stout, tooth-like projections which nearly block up the 

 cavities of the chambers. The primary and secondary septa are straight, but the inner 

 edges of the tertiary and quaternary are slightly sinuous. There are twelve pali opposite 

 the tertiary septa : they are in the form of small, sinuous laminae. The columella is 

 large and oval, composed of numerous small, sinuous lamellae. 



Attached to the adult specimen is a young one, in which the calicle is not yet 

 compressed, but is nearly hexagonal in outline. It has six systems of septa and three 

 complete cycles. The secondary septa are much smaller than the primary, and have in 

 front of them six pali. Their inner margins are sinuous. The faces of the septa are 

 thickly beset with projections in the deeper parts of the calicle. The ridges are as well 

 marked on the surface of the young as on the adult coral. 



The file-like surface of this coral is very peculiar, and is characteristic of it and the 

 next species. I had some thoughts of making a new genus to contain the two species, 

 but there seem hardly sufficient grounds to separate the present one from Caryophyllia in 

 the absence of information concerning the soft structures. 



Extreme height of the adult specimen, 12 mm. Breadth of the calicle, 7 mm. 

 Height of the young specimen, 4 mm. Breadth of the calicle, 2 '5 mm. One adult 

 specimen only with a young one attached to it. 



Station 170. Off the Kermadec Islands. 630 fathoms. 



Caryophyllia rugosa, n. sp. (PI. I. fig. 8, a-b). 



The corallum is small, of a light brown colour, short and cylindrical in form, 

 attached by a broad, encrusting base. In some specimens the corallum is slightly wider 

 towards the calicular end, and not simply cylindrical, as in the specimen figured; in some 

 young specimens the upper part of the columella is conical, being considerably narrowed 

 above the commencement of the expanded base. The surface of the corallum is marked 

 with a series of horizontal ridges, just as in the foregoing species Caryophyllia lamellifera, 

 but the individual ridges are in the present species shorter (fig. 8b). In a vertical section 

 of the corallum, the folds or plaits of the wall composing the ridges are seen to be marked 

 by a peculiar texture of the coral substance or epitheca, far into the thickness of the wall. 



