124 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 



2. Pygosceles tceniatus, Peale. 



Aptenodytes papua, Forst., Nov. Comm. Gott., vol. iii. p. 140, tab. 3. 



Aptenodytes tceniata, Peale, U. S. Expl. Exp., p. 264, 1848. 



Pygosceles wagleri, Scl., Proc. Zool. Soc, 1860, p. 390. 



Pygosceles tceniata, Coues, Proc. Ac. Phil., 1872, p. 195 ; Sharpe, Zool. Kerg., p. 54. 



Pygosceles tceniatus, ScL et Salv., Proc. Zool. Soc, 1878, p. 653. 



a-f. Kerguelen Island. 



This Penguin was also met with at Marion Island and Heard Island. 



" They were usually met with at Marion Island and in Kerguelen Island in parties of 

 a dozen, or twenty or thirty on the grass close to the shore, and were apparently moulting 

 at the time of our visit. At Christmas Harbour, Kerguelen Island, some lots of them 

 camped at a height of 100 feet at least up the steep but green hill-side at the end of the 

 harbour." — (Moseley, Notes, p. 175.) 



[We never came across a rookery of this Penguin. It was generally noticed on the 

 shore, or in a moulting condition some distance inland, in groups of tens and twenties. 

 We saw them at Marion, Kerguelen, Heard and Falkland Islands. They can run very 

 fast, and when met with on the shore they at once make for the water when disturbed, 

 unless they chance to be in moulting condition.' . 



We found fish-bones, cuttlefish-beaks, and stones in the stomachs.] 



3. Spheniscus demersas, Linn. (PL XXVII.). 



Diomeda demersa, Linn., S. N., vol. i. p. 214. 



Spheniscus demersus, Ternm., TaLl. Meth., p. 107, 1836; Coues, Proc. Ac. Phil., 1872, p. 208 : 

 Scl. et Salv., Proc. Zool. Soc, 1878, p. 653. 



[a-d. Cape of Good Hope.] 



Four skins of this species in the collection are very nearly alike. A figure is given 

 (PI. XXVII.) taken from specimen a, in order to show the well-marked points of differ- 

 ence which separated it from Spheniscus magellanicus. 



Mr Moseley gives the following graphic account of his visit to the breeding-place of 

 this Penguin (Notes, p. 155, et seq.) : — 



" I paid a visit to an island in False Bay, called Seal Island. It is a mere shelving- 

 rock, on which it is only possible to land on very favourable occasions. 



" The whole place is a rookery of the jackass Penguin {Spheniscus demersus). It is 

 an ugly bird as compared with the crested Penguin of Tristan da Cunha ; the bill is 

 "blunter, but the birds can nevertheless bite hard with it [all the Penguins seem to bite 

 rather than peck]. The birds here nested on the open rock, which was fully exposed to 

 the burning sun and occasional rain. It must not be supposed that either Penguins or 

 Albatrosses are necessarily inhabitants of cold climates ; a species of Penguin and an 

 Albatross breed at the Galapagos Archipelago, almost exactly on the equator. 



