132 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 



a fish-basket and placed it just under water, it was drowned, dead, in one minute and 

 thirty seconds. At Kerguelen we found in their stomachs Serolis, copepods, amphipods, 

 and occasionally some remains of fish. Most frequently there was but one young in the 

 nest, occasionally two. 



"The Germans at Tristan told us these birds came on shore for breeding in July and 

 August, and that the males came a week or two before the females. 



" In December both old and young leave for sea. A few weeks later they return for 

 moulting, and remain on land till April, spreading all over the island. On the Falklands 

 I was told by the sealers that these Eockeys come on shore for breeding about the end of 

 October, and in February and 'March they moult after the young birds are all hatched. 

 These sealers said these birds were seen in numbers off the mouth of the Plate in the 

 months of June and July. During our cruise we seldom noticed Penguins far away from 

 sand or ice — -that is to say, over 40 or 50 miles from land. 



" The sealers say the King and Johnny never go far out to sea." 



The following is a list of the Penguins met with by the Challenger at the five 

 breeding-places in the South Atlantic and Indian Ocean which they visited. I have not 

 referred to the Falklands, because the Penguins of these groups, and their habits, have 

 been previously well described by a resident observer. 1 Of the species marked with an 

 asterisk, specimens were actually obtained at the localities named ; the others are 

 mentioned as having occurred by Mr Moseley. 



1. Tristan da Cunha group, 



a. Inaccessible Island. October 1873 



b. Nightingale Island. October 1873 



2. Cape of Good Hope, Seal Island 



November 1873, . 



3. Marion Island, Prince Edward group 

 December 26, 1873, . 



4. Kerguelen Island. January 1874, 



[ * Eudyptes chrysocome. 



' Spheniscus demersus. 



Aptenodytes longirostris. 

 Pygosceles tceniatus. 

 Eudyptes chrysocome. 

 Aptenodytes longirostris. 

 Pygosceles tceniatus. 

 Eudyptes chrysolophus. 

 Eudyptes chrysocome. 



5. Heard Island. February 1874, Pygosceles tceniatus. 



( Eudyptes chrysolophus. 



1 Capt C. C. Abbott. See Ibis, 1860, p. 336. 



