23-4 THE VOYAGE OF U.M.S. CHALLENGER, 



Genus 2. Pheronema, Leidy (Pis. XLII.-XLVL). 



Holtenin, Wyv. Tliomson. 



1868. Leidy, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 9 {Pheronema annse). 



18C9. Wyville Thomson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. iv. p. 112. 



18G9. WyviUe Thomson, Phil. Trans., vol. clis. p. 707 {Holfenia carpenteri). 



1870. Leidy, The American Naturalist, vol. iv. p. 17 (March) {Pheronema annx). 



1870. Kent, Monthly Micr. Journ., p. 243. 



1870. Kent, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. vi. pp. 182-186. f Pheronema carpenteri and 



1870. Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. vi. pp. 309-312. ( Pheronema grayi. 



1870. Schmidt, Die Spongien des atlantischen Gebietes {Holtenia pourtalesii). 



1871. Carter, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. vii. pp. 112-141. 



1871. Ehlers, Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool., Bd. xxi. p. 540. 



1872. Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. ix. pp. 442-461. 



1873. Carter, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xi. p. 234. 

 1873. Carter, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xi. p. 275. 



1873. Carter, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist,, vol. xii. p. 349. 



1874. Meyer, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xiii. p. 66. 



1874. Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xiii. p. 284. 



1875. Carter, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xv. p. 113. 

 1875. Carter, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xvi. p. 1. 



1875. Marshall, Zeitschr. f. vriss. Zool., Bd. xxv., Suppl., p. 142. 



1876. Marshall, Zeitschr. f. -wiss. Zool., Bd. xxviL p. 113. 



1877. Zittel, Abhandl. d. baier. Akad. d. "Wiss. 



1877. Marsliall and Meyer, Mittheil. d. Zool. Mus. in Dresden. 



1877. Wyville Thomson, The Atlantic. 



1880. Schmidt, Spongien des Meerbusens von Mexico. 



1880. Norman, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. vi. p. 430. 



1881. Milne-Edwards, Comptes rendus, vol. xciii.; Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. ix. p. 37. 

 1881. Duncan, Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc, ser. 1, p. 173. 



1881. Carpenter, The Microscope. 



1885. Filhol, La vie au fond des mers, p. 285 {Pheronema parfaiti). 



History. — In 1868^ Leidy made a report on a sponge from Santa Cruz, which presents 

 an oval form about 3 inches in size, and bears on one extremity a tuft of siliceous spicules 

 about 2 inches in length, and differing from that of Hyalonema only in its smaller 

 size. Afterwards he described this new form more accurately under the name 

 of Pheronema annw,^ and he repeated his communication in 1870 in a paper 

 illustrated by woodcuts and entitled Remarks on some Curious Sponges.^ The latter 

 description ran'* thus : — " The body of the sponge is oblong ovoidal, with one side more 

 protuberant than the other. The narrower extremity, which I suppose to be the upper, 

 is conical, and its truncated apex presents a single circular orifice, the third of an inch in 

 diameter. The opposite extremity is rather cylindrical, with a broad, slightly rounded 



1 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1868, p. 9. 



2 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. (1868). 



3 American Naturalist, vol. iv. pp. 17-22, fig. 1. * Loc. cit., pp. 21, 22. 



