UYSTBIC1D.E— EKETHIZON— EltETHIZON DOIISATUS. 389 



Hystrix pilosus americanus Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, i, 1731, xxx. 



Hystrix jyilosus Richardson'. Faun. Bor.-Amer., i, 1829,214. 



Hystrix hudsonis Brisson, Rcgn. Auiui. Quad., 1756, 128. 



Hystrix hudsonius DeKay, New York Zool., i, 1342, 27. pi. xxv, fig. 1 (animal), pi. viii, figs. 2, a, b, c (skull) 



Le Pore-epic de la Baye de Hudson, BlUSSON, Regu. Auim. Quad., 1750, 128. 



L'Urson Buffon, Hist. Nat., xii, 1704, 42(i, pi. lv. 



Canada Porcupine Pennant, " Syn., 1771, 2(i6; Hist. Quad., 1781, No. 257"; Arctic Zool., i, 1784,109 — 



Gllpin, Proc. & Traiis. Nova Scotia lust. Nat. Sci., ii, 1870, 89. 

 Bear Porcupine, Harlan, Fauu. Amer., 1825, 190. 



Var. EPIXANTHUS. 



Western Porcupine. 



Erethizon epixanthus Brandt, Me'm. Acad. St. P<Stersb., 1835, pi. i (animal), ix, figs. 1-4 (skull).— Schinz, 

 Synop. Mam., ii, 1845,260. — Waterhodse, Nat. Hist. Mam., ii, 1848, 442. — Newberry, Pacif. 

 E. K. Expl. & Surv., vi, iv, 1857, 62 (California and Oregon).— Baird, Mam. N. Am., 1858, 

 509.— Kenneri.y, Pacif. R. R. Expl. & Surv., x, vi, 1859, 10 (Little Colorado River).— Ha yden, 

 Trans. Anier. Phil. Soc, xii, 1802, 149 (Upper Missouri).— Coues, Amer. Nat., i, 1867, 362 ; 

 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869, 135 (Arizona).— Brown, Rep. Brit. Ass., 1869 (1870), 220.— 

 Stevenson, 2d Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1871, 462.— Merriam, Sixth Ann. Rep. U. S. 

 Geol.Surv. Terr., 1873, 666.— Coues & Yarrow, Wheeler's Expl. & Surv. west of the 100th 

 Mend., v, Zool., 1875, 174. 



Erethizon dorsatus var. epixanthus Allex, Bull. Essex Inst., vi, 1874, 52, 57, 61, 66 ; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. 

 Hist., xvii, 1874, 43. 



Hystrix pilosus Peale, Mamm. U. S. Ex. Ex., 1848, 46 (Pacific coast).— Woodhouse, Sitgreaves's Exped. 

 down the Zuui and Colorado Rivers, 1853, 54 (New Mexico). 



Erethizon [sp .?] Maximilian, Wiegm. Arch., 1862, i, 132. 



Erethizon (Echinoprocta) rufescens Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, 321. 



Var. DORSATUS. 



Canada Porcupine. 



General color brownish-black, varied above with yellowish-white. 

 Body above densely clothed with long, soft, rather woolly hair, intermixed 

 with straight, coarse hairs and bristles. The latter are four to six inches 

 long, and are usually tipped with yellowish-white, the light tip varying in 

 extent from one-fourth to seven-eighths of the length of the hair; sometimes 

 it is obsolete, and again extends, to the base, but involves usually only the 

 exposed portion. Beneath this, and generally wholly concealed by the 

 pelage proper, the dorsal surface is thickly set with erectable, barbed quills, 

 or spines, varying in length from one to four inches. They are usually white 

 basally and tipped with black, the black portion varying in extent from one- 

 tenth to one-third the length of the quill ; a few, however, are entirely white, 

 and others occur entirely black. They vary greatly in size on different parts 

 of the body; beginning on the nose as short, stiffened, pointed hairs, they 

 pass into short spines between the eyes, and increase in length and thickness on 

 the back of the head; thence continuing to increase in size posteriorly, they are 

 longest over the hips, on the lower part of the back, and on the upper side of 



