588 MONOGRAPHS OF NORTH AMERICAN EODENTIA. 



again in diameter; and it further resembles the foregoing portion of the tract 



in the total absence of sacculation. I find nothing answering to a "sigmoid 

 flexure"; but, for much of its length (two feet or more), the gut doubles on 

 itself when in situ, being closely bound by a fold of mesentery not broader 

 than the diameter of the intestine itself. In the specimen examined, the 

 contents of the bowel had begun to separate into faecal pellets about two feet 

 from the anus, these masses finally assuming an ovoidal shape. 



The pancreas is a small organ, and very slender ; it lies in the usual 

 site, and its duct empties near that of the liver. 



The liver, of moderate size, is quadrilobatc ; the four lobes being as 

 distinctly marked as those of the lungs, already described. The principal 

 or cystic lobe is superior, and much the largest one; it is about 2\ inches 

 across (side to side of the animal) by 1\ in the opposite direction, and irregu- 

 larly oval, or rather trapezoidal, in shape, with a decided emargination of the 

 front border near (to the left of) the gall-bladder. It is rather flat and thin 

 for its length ; the superior surface is smoothly convex, apposed to the dia- 

 phragm: the under is irregularly tlattened, being moulded upon the sub- 

 cumbent lobes. About the middle of the right half of this lobe lies the gall- 

 bladder, of large size (about that of a small almond) ; its fundus reaches the 

 fore border of the lobe. Beneath this main lobe, on cither side, and partly 

 covered by it, lie the two next largest lateral lobes, right and left, having 

 very little connection by hepatic substance with each other or with the main 

 lobe. The right one is the smaller of the two, very flat, and irregularly 

 circular; the other is likewise subcircular in most of its outline, but it sends 

 off a long tapering process, which reaches over into the left hypochondrium. 

 The remaining Spigelian division of the liver might in fact be described as 

 two, since it consists of two "tails", or processes, of hepatic substance, an 

 inch or more in length ; one, much larger than the other, and is itself bilobate; 

 the smaller one, an extremely delicate process, about an inch long, lies, when 

 in situ, in relation with (behind) the pyloric portion of the stomach. The 

 cystic and hepatic t\[H-t^ unite in a short (about half an inch) ductus communis 

 choledochus, which empties in the duodenum an inch from the pylorus. 



Genilo-urinary organs:. — The kidneys are rather oval than of the shape 

 most familiar to the human anatomist, and which the name "kidney" is used 

 to suggest in other connections; they are about an inch long by two-thirds 

 as broad. The right kidney lies rather higher up than the left, its apex being 



