13 



figures are given; and Hie work must have been prepared before that ot 

 Stephens, as il is a part of an extended work. 



In 1831, Stephens, in his "Illustrations," proposed several new genera. 

 In 1840, Boisduval, in the ''Genera et Index Methodus Europceorum Le 

 pidopterorum," enumerates fifty-nine genera under the head Geometree, pro- 

 posing a few new ones himself. No subdivisions of the Geometrce are 

 proposed. The group begins with Heliothea and Cleogene; then follows 

 Geometra, and its allies Metrocampa, Urapteryx, etc. A part of the modern 

 Larentina come before Ephyra and Acidalia, while at the end are placed 

 Siona, Sthanelia, Ode:i<<, Torula, Psodos, Pygmcena, Anthometra, and lastly 

 Minoa. It will be seen that the arrangement has little merit. 



In LS47, Herrich-Schaeffer proposed a new classification of the family 

 in his " Systematische Bearbeitung der Schmetterlinge von Europa." He 

 divides it, under the name Grometrides, into two divisions: 

 I. Phylometrides. 

 II. Dendromef rides. 



The latter comprises Anisopteryx, Lythria, Sterrha, Minoa, Hydrelia, 

 Eupithecia, Larenlia, Cheimotobia, and Chesias. All the remaining genera, 

 of which there are fifty-two, are included in the Phytometrides. 



The arrangement of these genera is not satisfactory, and many well- 

 defined genera are regarded as subgenera by the author. It is needless to 

 remark that the division into Phylometrides and Dendrometrides is essentially 

 artificial. 



In 18 >0, Stephen's "List" of the Lepidoptera in the British Museum 

 appeared. It is a new list, but notable from his adoption of Hiibner's genera. 

 He divides the family into nineteen subfamilies. The arrangement of the 

 genera is quite unnatural. 



In 1853 appeared Lederer's "Versuch die europaischen Spanner." This 

 was by far the most carefully prepared work that had hitherto appeared on the 

 European species of this family. The genera are carefully described, especial 

 stress being laid on characters drawn from the venation. A number of new 

 genera are proposed, some of which, however, I have felt obliged to set aside 

 on account of their having, in my judgment, been pre-oceupied by Hiibner's 

 names. He divides the family into four groups, without naming them. 



Group I comprises the Geometrida of Guenee. Group II is my Acula- 

 Unce. Group III comprises the Ennomidce, Amphidacidez, Boarmidce, Cube- 



