35 



ical. The wing-covers usually extend to the sixth ring from the end of the 

 body, i. e., to the hinder edge of the fourth abdominal segment. The tip is 

 acute, with sometimes three pairs of curved, stiff filaments arising from the 

 solid tip. As in Nematocampa, or in Anisopteryx, which is subterranean, the 

 terminal spine is long and triradiate at the end. and the long, curved filaments 



In the subterranean pupa 1 , the color is of the usual uniform dark reddish 

 horn-brown hue. In those which live exposed, the color varies, the pupae 

 being banded and spotted with whitish and pale-reddish tints. 



Compared with the pupae of the Noctttidce and Pyralidce, those of the 

 present family are more pointed, conical, and variegated, while those of the 

 latter are always dull reddish-brown. 



§ 8. — Internal anatomy of the larva. 



Anatomy of the larva of Zerene catenaria. — The following notes are 

 drawn up from a dissection of the larva of Zerene catenaria. The cesoph- 

 agus is not so long as in Dalana ministra, and its junction with the 

 proventriculus is not so distinctly marked as in Datana. The intestine 

 is much as in Datana. The coecum is much the same, but without the 

 well-marked longitudinal bands on it. The six urinary tubes are as in 

 Datana; they are once folded, and the end of the fold reaches nearly 

 to the middle of the body. The silk-glands are longer than the body by 

 a distance equal to the thickness of the latter; being shorter than in D. 

 ministra, in which they are longer than the body by one-half the length of 

 the latter. They are folded in the same manner in both; being folded twice, 

 the folds parallel, and situated along the under side ol the intestine. There 

 is a pair of dorsal yellowish glands lying parallel to the median line of, and 

 resting above, the intestine. Each one is as thick as the terminal third of 

 the silk-glands, not diminishing in thickness in the head as do the latter. 

 These glands are about one-fifth the length of the entire body, and pass into 

 the head on the sides, and are situated much farther apart than the salivary 

 glands. 



Anatomy of a Nematus (!) larva. — The following notes on the internal 

 organs of a saw-tly larva, probably Nematus, or a closely-allied form. " 

 introduced for purposes of comparison. The digestive system is mucl 

 Datana ministra. The oesophagus is small and short; not so long a^ 



