109 



Two Ireland specimens differ from any American, one in having the 

 median hand of a peculiar uniform dark-brown, with the russet-brown band 

 beyond ; they are, however, much like the var. brunneata from Labrador, 

 though larger. Another Iceland example (expanse of wings 1.10 inches) is 

 almost exactly like the Labrador ones (expanse of wings 1.30 inches), though 

 rather smaller. 



The species is most common in the White Mountains, though quite 

 common about Brunswick, Me., on the sea-coast. The specimen from 

 Missouri does not differ from the eastern examples. 



A single specimen from California (Edwards) does not differ from New 

 England specimens, except in some very slight characters, which I am dis- 

 posed to regard as simply individual. Three large examples, the largest 

 expanding 1.30 inches, were collected by Mr. Crotch in Victoria, Vancouver 

 Island; they do not differ materially from the Californian individual. These 

 are much more nearly allied to the Northeastern American forms than to 

 some individuals from Iceland. 



An interesting variety is represented on plate 8, fig. 40. It is paler 

 than usual, with the basal third of the wing cream-white, interrupted by the 

 basal dark band ; the mesial band is rather pale, bordered with pale-brown 

 beyond,' much as usual. The hind wings are unusually pale. Staudinger 

 gives the following geographical distribution of this species in the Eastern 

 Hemisphere: Central and Northern Europe; Central and Northern Italy ; 

 Atlas Mountains ; and Eastern Siberia. 



Having received a specimen of P. immanata from Professor Zeller, lean 

 scarcely see on what grounds it should be regarded as distinct specifically 

 from P. truncata, though it may be a well-marked variety. It is possible 

 that it is a seasonal diinorph, as it {immanata) hybernates in the egg state, and 

 the ordinary truncata in the larva stale, according to Newman. I have a speci- 

 men from Deering, N. H, which closely approaches it, Newman remarks 

 that, in England, " C. russata appears in May, and again in August ; the May 

 moths being the parents of the August moths. C. immanata appears in July ; 

 thus the single brood of C. immanata is intermediate between the two broods 

 of C. russata." 



This species is uniformly double-brooded in England. — (Newman.) 



Larva. — " The eggs which produce the spring brood are laid about the 

 middle of August ; those which produce the autumnal brood are laid about 



