11(1 



the middle of May; the caterpillars from this second brood hybernate, or 

 ml her live through the winter, feeding al intervals when the weather is mild ; 

 the egg is flattish, or depressed on the crown, and of a dingy-yellow color, 

 ■ resembling thai of ;i pale-tinted chip-box'; it is laid on the leaves of wild 

 strawberry (Fragaria vesca), and also, according to Guene'e, on birch and 

 white-thorn, and. according to Mr. Hellins, 'on sallow.' The young cater- 

 pillars emerge aboul fourteen days alter the egg is deposited, and are at first 

 of a dirl} white, lint soon acquire a green tinge, which continues to increase 

 as they advance toward maturity. When full-fed, this caterpillar usually 

 rests in a straight position, hut, when annoyed or disturbed, tucks in its head, 

 bringing it in close contact with the legs, thus causing the anterior half to 

 assume the volute form. The head is ahoul the same width as the second 

 segment, not notched on the crown, and slightly hairy. The body is almost 

 uniformly cylindrical, hut somewhat restricted immediately behind the fourth 

 segment, which is produced ventrally into a lump, on the summit of which 

 are seated the third pair of legs. The thirteenth segment below the anal flap 

 is produced into two parallel, 'acutely-pointed,' processes, directed hack- 

 ward. The color of the head is pale opaque-green, with conspicuous black 

 ocelli. The body is pale yellow-green, with a medio-dorsal stripe, narrow 

 and indistinct, of a darker, duller green ; there is also on each side a paler 

 stripe, equally indistinct; and in many specimens, below this subdorsal stripe, 

 is a lateral, but often interrupted, rosy-red or purple stripe This red stripe is 

 accurately described by Gueiiee, and Mr. Doubleday assures me it is of com- 

 mon occurrence. The t ransverse skin-fold at each segmental division is yellow- 

 ish, and over the entire surface of the body are scattered minute, white warts, 

 each of which emits a slender hair, and is surrounded by an area slightly 

 darker than the prevailing ground-color. The anal points are generally tipped 

 with rose-color, and the legs and claspers are, tipped with purple. When 

 full-fed, it spins a leaf together with a few slight threads, in the manner of a 

 spider's net, and in this flimsy retreat turns to a delicately-green, semi-trans- 

 parent chrysalis. 



"The moths appear in May and August, and are common in England, 



Scotland, and Ireland C. russata certainly hibernates in the 



caterpillar state ; but < '. immanata passes the winter in t he egg state 



The caterpillar of C. russata is dull-ochreous at first, hut afterward brightish- 

 green, and often ornamented with red on the sides. The caterpillar of < '. 



