OTHER TERTIARY INSECT LOCALITIES. 39 



Horse Creek, Wyomhifj. — At a point three miles south of this creek, 

 which empties into the Green River from the west near its source, and 

 about two miles west of Green River, a thin, hard layer of Avhite limestone 

 was found by Dr. A. C. Peale covered with petrified larval cases of caddis- 

 flies, which are described below under the name of Indusia calculosa. 



Quesnel, British Columbia. — The discovery of the different localities for 

 fossil insects in British Columbia by the Geological Survey of Canada has 

 been due entirely to the investigations of Dr. George M. Dawson. On the 

 left bank of th-e Fraser River, at the town of Quesnel, he discovered a series 

 of clays, sands, and gravels, their upturned edges covered by the valley 

 deposits, in one of which series (a stratum of fire-clay eight or nine inches 

 thick) insects and plants were found, the beds being exposed on the river 

 bank at a low stage of the water. Nearly twenty species of plants were 

 met with, mostly of apetalous families in the neighborhood of the Cupuli- 

 ferae, such as the beech, walnut, oak, birch, and ])oplar, and a considerable 

 number of insects. Such of these as are included in the present report con- 

 sist of twenty-five species, nearly all Hymenoptera and Diptera, and espe- 

 cially the latter, and, what is very unusual, onl}? a single beetle. Sir Will- 

 iam Dawson, who determined the plants, regarded them as to a great 

 extent identical with those from the Miocene of Alaska, but adds : 

 " Whether the age of these beds is Miocene or somewhat older may, how- 

 ever, admit of doubt." Apart from an uncharacteristic egg-cocoon of a 

 spider, none of the insect remains can be regarded as identical with any 

 found elsewhere. 



Nicola, North Similkameen, and Nine Mile Creek, British Columhia. — The 

 other localities at which remains of insects have been found, though in 

 smaller numbers, lie at no great distance apart to the south of Quesnel and 

 south of the Canadian Pacific Railway, near our own border. One of 

 these localities is upon the Nicola River, two miles above its junction with 

 the Coldwater, at the base of a series of beds containing coal. Another is 

 on the North Fork of the Similkameen River, three miles from its mottth; 

 the beds here, on the bank of the river, "include a layer of lignite about a 

 foot thick, which rests in black, rather earthy, carbonaceous clays, and is 

 overlain by fifteen feet or more of very thinl}- bedded almost paper-like yel- 

 low gray siliceous shales," which contain plants and insects. The third is on 

 Nine Mile Creek, flowing into Whipsaw Creek, a tributary of the Similka- 



