370 proceedings: philosophical society 



The second paper was presented by J. P. Ault, on Cruises III and IV 

 of the yacht "Carnegie" in the Arctic and Suh-Antarctic regions, 1914 to 

 191 7. Motion pictures were shown of the different operations on board 

 the vessel, of her passage through the Panama Canal, and of the 

 rough seas and large icebergs encountered during the Sub-Antarctic 

 cruise. 



A brief summary was given of the origin and development of the 

 science of terrestial magnetism, of its relation to the other sciences, and 

 of its use and importance in present day activities. The work of the 

 Department of Terrestrial Magnetism of the Carnegie Institute was 

 described and a chart was exhibited which showed the region thus far 

 surveyed, both on land and at sea. The general magnetic survey of the 

 globe has been practically completed so that an early publication of 

 new and accurate magnetic charts is contemplated. 



For the ocean survey work a special vessel, the yacht Carnegie, was 

 designed and built, being constructed wholly of nonmagnetic mate- 

 rial. The results of observations made on board this vessel do not 

 require corrections on account of magnetic material in the vessel. The 

 Carnegie has completed four cruises since her launching in 1909, and 

 has covered over 240,000 nautical miles. Cruises III and IV were 

 planned to fill in the unsurveyed regions in the Arctic and Sub-Ant- 

 arctic oceans, which are accessible to a sailing vessel of her construc- 

 tion. In 1914 during Cruise III, the vessel reached the high northerly 

 latitude of 80°, west of Spitsbergen, the ports of call being Hammerf est, 

 Norway, and Reykjavik, Iceland. Due to the small number of previ- 

 ous observations made in these regions, the errors in the existing charts 

 were found to be quite large. A brief account was given of the results 

 obtained, methods used, and of the peoples and places visited. 



Cruise IV began at New York in March, 1915, and ended at Buenos 

 Aires, Argentina, in March 1917. During this cruise the Carnegie 

 passed through the Panama Canal, cruised in the Pacific Ocean from 

 Honolulu to Dutch Harbor, Alaska, and northward into the Bering 

 Sea to 60° north, and thence southward to Lyttelton, New Zealand. 

 From Lyttelton a remarkable circumnavigation cruise was made, the 

 Carnegie sailing eastward for four months, completely circHng the Ant- 

 arctic Continent in one season, returning again to Lyttelton. During 

 this time the vessel was in the iceberg region for three and one-half 

 months and encounterd very stormy weather. Gales of force 7 to 11, 

 Beaufort scale, were experienced on fifty-five days out of 117, and some 

 form of precipitation occurred on one hundred days. In spite of the 

 adverse conditions, observations for magnetic dip and intensity were 

 made every day, and observations for magnetic declination were 

 made every day except one. In one region the chart errors increased to 

 12° for the British and American charts, and 16° for the German chart, 

 the latter being an older chart than the former two. 



The paper was discussed by Messrs. Bauer and Humphreys. 



After adjournment at 10 p.m., light refreshments were served. 



E. C. Crittenden, Corresponding Secretary. 



