31 



in a view from above ; rostrum absent ; ophthalmic segment 

 uncovered ; coxocerites perfectly fused ; antennulary flagella 

 long." This suffices to define the sub-genus PanuliruSy 

 White, 1847, which contains several more or less well-known 

 species, such as pe^iicillatiis, Olivier, and argus, Latreille. 



The sub-genera above-mentioned are now accepted as 

 genera. Of two species P.loftgimanus, Milne-Edwards, and 

 P.frofttalts, Milne-Edwards, Parker could not say whether 

 they should come under Jasus or the restricted Pah'nurus. 

 Ortmann decides that the Chilian fro7italis is a synonym of 

 lalandil, and that the West Indian longimanus with its 

 variety from Mauritius properly belongs to Palinurus. 

 Parker makes the following observation on the distribution : — 

 " Leaving these two species aside, it is worthy of remark 

 that all the species of Jams are confined to the Southern 

 Hemisphere (Ethiopian and Australian Regions), and those 

 of Paluiurus, as restricted above, to the Northern Hemisphere 

 (Palaearctic Region), while those of Pamiltrus occur in both 

 hemispheres, and, as far as I can make out, in all the 

 zoogeographical regions." This generalization, however, 

 will not hold in regard to Palinurus, being opposed both by 

 the var. Mauritianus of P. longimanus, described by Miers in 

 1882, and by the new species from the Cape here described. 



Palinurus Gilchristi, n. sp. 

 Plate i. 



With the so-called Palinurus vulgaris from the northern 

 hemisphere, this southern species shows a close relationship. 

 The rostral spine is, in accordance with the generic character, 

 very small. The large ocular spines are smooth on the upper 

 (or hinder) margin, but have from four to five teeth on the 

 lower (or front) margin ; they are followed by three 

 successively much smaller spines, these rows extending to 

 the cervical groove. The large spines on the outer sides of 

 the eyes are followed each by a couple of spines, these rows 

 being much less considerable than in Palinurus vulgaris. 

 The rest of the ornamentation differs by its greater compact- 

 ness in the new species, two median rows, each consisting of 

 three prominent spines very close together, running nearly 

 parallel to one another to the cervical grove, whereas in the 

 species compared such spines are wide apart in convex lines. 

 Behind the cervical groove there are numerous tubercular 

 spines, two median rows of which are very close together to 

 start with and converge to the hind rim of the carapace. The 

 sternum is strongly tuberculated, but with the pear-shaped 

 bulb at its apex quite smooth. In the pleon the second to the 



