Alcide d'Orhigny. 37 



earlier authors. Besides the files of the species of the " Tableau 

 Methodique " there are files in the cases for some of his later 

 genel^a, e.g. Asterigina, Candeina, Dactylopora, Gaudryina, Lituola, 

 Ovulites, ^''erneuilina. These have only figures cut from publica- 

 tions (vi) in them. 



It will be remembered that de Ferussac announced to the 

 Academie that d'Orbigny had finished " nearly half of the plates 

 for his great work," ^ and that Latreille announced that seventy- 

 three plates were laid before that body. These numbers agree 

 roughly with the above enumeration. 



D'Orbigny devoted his skill as a draughtsman to evt;ry branch 

 of science that he took up. Gaudry tells us that he made drawings 

 with the most minute detail of nearly 900 species of Bryozoa ;-^ 

 and there are a number of cases in Professor Marcellin Boule's 

 study, each as large as those containing the Foraminifera, filled 

 v/ith equally exquisite drawings of fossil Invertebrata. 



VI. — The Eevelations of Felix Dujardin. 



Concerned as we are with the earliest records of the modern era 

 of the study of the Foraminifera, we cannot proceed further with- 

 out pausing to consider what may really be called the discovery of 

 the Foraminifera in 1835 by Felix Dujardin. During the nine 

 years which had elapsed since the publication of the " Tableau 

 Methodique " no general work had appeared dealing with the 

 group — excepting, of course, the corrections and addenda of 

 de Ferussac.^ D'Orbigny had been in South America, and had 

 landed in France on his return on February 2, 1834. Meanwhile 

 I )ujardin had been making what must be admitted to be the first 

 systematic observations upon the living animal, for, as Carpenter 

 has remarked (loc. cit., ante, p. 11), d'Orbigny's observations at 

 Esnandes were relatively superficial, and he had been content to 



1 I-, p. 119. 2 XVI., p. 832. 



^ The Foraminifera had been noticed and figured, always, however, as micro- 

 scopic Cephalopoda, in the works of Capt. T. Brown ("Illustrations of the Cou- 

 chology of Great Britain and Ireland," London, 1827); of Nilsson (" Petrifacta 

 Suecana formationis cretacese," Lund., 1827) ; of the Rev. J. Fleming (" A history of 

 British Animals," Edinburgh, 1828) ; of Deshayes (" Histoire Naturelle des Vers.," 

 Paris, 1830-32); and " Description des Coquilles caract^ristiques des Terrains" 

 (Paris, 1831) ; and several other works for which the student may refer to Brady's 

 Bibliography in the ' Challenger ' Monograph. In 1828 Deshayes had published 

 in the Ann. Sci. Nat., xiv., p. 225, a " Memoire sur les Alveolines" (referred to, 

 ante, p. 19), and in 1829 Fischer de Waldheim had published a paper on his 

 discovery in Russia of the genus Fusulina (Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat., Moscow, i., 

 p. 329). In none of these works had any significant contributions been made to 

 our knowledge of the group. 



