40 Transactions of the Society. 



in the Comptes Eendus(Bibl. IV.), he records having successfully 

 kept Foraniinifera from the English Chancel alive in Paris, and 

 calls attention to the fact that the pseudopodia are " of a glutinous 

 consistency, almost resembling molten glass," with nodosities which 

 move in one direction or the other ; they are retractile, liable to 

 ramify, to anastomose, and to coagulate, serving as feet by which 

 the animal crawls, and by their appearance of radiciform fibres 

 well justifying the name Rhizopoda." He observes that the body- 

 plasm is identical in all species, and that it never leaves tlie shell 

 excepting after the death of the animal, and he invites inspection 

 of these phenomena by members of the Academy. 



These three notes, important as they are, are really prolegomena 

 towards a much more extended paper on the subject which was 

 published in the Ann. Sci. Nat. in December of the same year 

 (Bibl. v.). In this he describes how he kept Foraminifera alive in 

 his tanks at Toulon through July and August, 1834, and others from 

 the Channel which, collected in November, were living " in renewed 

 sea- water " in Paris at the end of February, after all the Isopods, 

 Annelids, and Crustacea were dead. He describes Gromia oviformis 

 at length (p. 345), (and gives an admirable figure, op. cit. pi. ix. fig. 1) 

 from tufts of Jania ruhens, from the Mediterranean, laying stress 

 on its rate of movement, which he states to be 1 mm. in 33 minutes. 

 These Gromia must have been moribund, my observations of several 

 years giving an average rate of progression of at least 1 cm. in 

 an hour.^ Nevertheless, Dujardin's notes on keeping Foraminifera 

 alive, in this paper, may with advantage be studied by observers of 

 these organisms in the present day. He goes on to describe 

 the living Miliolina, and gives us the interesting information 

 that he had shown them to d'Orbigny, on his return from South 

 America, who recognized in the pseudopodia his " tentacules noon- 

 brcux" of 1825,'-^ blaming the imperfections of his Microscope 

 for not having recognized their true nature.^ Dujardin observed 

 — and his observation has been verified by myself and others — 

 that when a Miliolid is dying it extrudes its j^rotoplasni in the 

 form of " rounded and more or less symmetrical lobes," or in an 

 expanded mass, a circumstance which had led de Blainville to 

 connect the creatures Avith Planarians (planaires). The description 

 which he gives in this paper (p. 348) of the protrusion of proto- 

 plasm and formation of pseudopodia is, as far as my researches 

 enable me to say, more minute and exact than any that has ever 



1 XXVIII., p. 232. "- I., p. 245. 



= v., pp. 34G-7. (Note.) See p. 10, where I have discussed d'Orbigny's early 

 Microscope. The instrument which he used in his later work is now in the 

 possession of Mme. Henri d'Orbigny, who has favoured me with a photograph 

 which is reproduced on Plate VI, fig. 2. The maker is unknown, but Mme. 

 d'Orbigny has understood that it was specially constructed for d'Orbigny after his 

 return from South America in 1834. This opinion is entirely borne out by what we 

 know of the French Microscopes of that date. 



