58 Transactions of the Society. 



XII. — The Article " Foraminiferes " in the J )igtionnaire 

 Universelle d'Histoire Natdrelle. 



Carpenter is not quite accurate when he says ^ that d'Orbigny 

 " altogether abandoned the notion of the Cephalopod affinities of 

 the group " in this article in the year 1844, assigning them a place 

 among the Eadiata of (Juvier between the Ecliinodermata and the 

 Polyzoa, and repeats the account verbatim in the Vienna Memoir. 

 This article was published in 1844,- and is practically a condensa- 

 tion of the Introductory portion of the Vienna Memoir, which was 

 written at the same time, and to which he refers the reader, the 

 only innovation being the introduction of the genus Amphorina 

 (see Appendix F., note 2). Nor is ic true that he accepted 

 Dujardin's account of the group '' without the least reference to 

 the real discoverer of its Iiliizopodal character." In the very 

 article which Carpenter thus holds up to scorn, d'Orbigny refers 

 to the " revolution " introduced by Dujardin as " observations 

 which, as I have myself recognized, compel us to separate them 

 not only from the order of tlie Cephalopoda, but even from the 

 class of Mollusca. to relegate them to the lower classes of animals, 

 in which I think they must remain for the future ; " ^ and in 1839 

 in the Cuba Memoir he had recognized Dujardin's work, as we have 

 seen. There is nothing in this article of importance which is not 

 in the Vienna Memoir, but he slightly modifies the figures in his 

 Tables of Distribution, botli recent and fossil, giving totals of 

 1631 fossil, and 900 recent. It is only of interest as being virtually 

 the last special contribution of d'Orbigny to the literature of the 

 Foraminifera. It is marred by his curious comparison of the 

 pseud opodia of the Foraminifera to the ambulacral processes of the 

 Echinoderms. We may assume that this article and the Vienna 

 Memoir were synchronous, but that this article was written either 

 after the Introduction to the Vienna Memoir had been drafted, or 

 as a "Prolegomena" to that work. 



1 XVII., pp. 7, 8. 



2 The date of the publication of this article is of importance to us, and the 

 work having been issued in the popular French form of " livraisons " some 

 confusion has arisen in bibliograpliic references to its volumes. IMessrs. C. D. 

 Sherborn and T. S. Palmer have devoted one of their remarkable bibliographical 

 notes to the work (Ann. and ]\Iag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, iii. (1899), p. 350), from which 

 we can date this article with certainty as above. The title-pages of the avail- 

 able copies are dated 1844, 1848, 1849, and 1861, the earliest date being probably, 

 as Sherborn suggests, a misprint (?) for 1845. The actual date of the publication of 

 the completed volume was January, 1845, as announced in the Bull. Soc. Gecl. 

 France. Livraisons Nos. 49-54 were announced November 4, 1844 ; No. 55, 

 November 18, 1844 ; No. 56, December 16, 1844 ; Nos. 57, 58, January 6, 1845. The 

 "Nouvelle Edition " of 1861 (often not dated), like the editions of 1848 and 1849, 

 is merely a re-issue of the original volumes with new title-pages. 



3 XIII., p. 663. 



