Alcide d'Orbif/ny 103 



foratc all over ; and (2) Fixed, e.g. Rosalina (Truncatulina) Planorbis, 

 and perhaps Polytrema (" ancien MiUepora rubra que d'apres des 

 observations non verifiees depnis 1834 je suis porte a ranger parmi 

 les Rhizopodes)." (See p. 41.) 



He points out (p. 240), after referring to d'(lrbigny's original 

 attribution of tlie animals to the Cephalopoda, that later authors 

 (see p. 42) have still persisted in arguing from the complexity of the 

 test, against the observations which reveal in these Rhizopoda the 

 simplest possible organization. He refers to d'Orbigny's establishment 

 of Families founded on the arrangement of the chambers, and of 

 Genera founded on the presence and position of an aperture, which, 

 however, he says he has not been able to make out as clearly as 

 d'Orbigny (p. 243). He points out that he was the first to see Fora- 

 minifera in their correct light, that he was the first to decalcify them, 

 and that he found them living on algte and attached to the " asperities " 

 •of molhiscan shells, the marine forms being generally visible to the 

 naked eye (1 mm.), the living shells being often red or yellow, but 

 the empty shells being white. 



At p. 252 he gives a systematic description of all the species known 

 to him, beginning with Gromiu oriformis, of which he gives a very 

 complete and elaborate account, most of which I have had the good 

 fortune to confirm in my observations at Selsey. He describes their 

 climbing the sides of his tanks and " swimming " on the surface of 

 the water, the protrusion and formation of the pseudopodia, and their 

 sensitiveness when touched by passing animals, their tenacity and 

 extensile properties revealed when they are disturbed or shaken. 



He gives an equally complete account of "Miliola," figuring an 

 apparently biloculine form for which he proposes the name Miliola 

 vulgaris,^ which may, however, be a very rotund MiUoliiKt semimdum. 

 He describes (p. 2r)8) Vertebralina as having been found by him at 

 Toulon, which he justly oljserves " is very nearly related to the Miliolro " ; 

 Cristellaria as common in the Mediterranean (see, however, d'Orbigny's 

 observation (p. 42, ante), that this was probalily the common Mediter- 

 ranean form Peneroplis). He describes the equitant chambers of Poly- 

 stomella revealed by decalcification. 



His Plate T. (repeated from Bibl. V.) gives finely drawn and coloured 

 figures of Polystomella and of the Miliolid with the pseudopodia fully 

 extrnded. He says that he has not observed Rotalia, Rosalina, and 

 Planorbulina alive, but that he is satisfied that all parts of the shell 

 are occupied with the sarcode body, as is the case with Polytrema. 



Finally, he refers to a few fossil forms, regarding " Siderolites " 

 (i.e. Calcarina) from the Maastricht chalk as a Rhizopod, but he is 

 not satisfied of the foraminiferal nature of Numnuilites, " Oryzaria " 

 (i.e. Alveolina), Nodosaria, and some of the other d'Orbignyan species. ' 



It may be mentioned in conclusion that years after he was in some 

 doubt as to the Rhizopodal nature of many of the d'Orbignyan species 

 as " we find appended to the names of several of those described by him 

 in the 'Dictionnaire Universelle d'Histoire Naturelle' (e.g. Nonionina, 

 Nummulites, and Rotalia), the abbreviation Moll ? as well as Foram.''''-^ 



^ This Dame had already been " occupied " by d'Orbigny for one of his species. 

 - XVII., p. 7. 



