ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MIGKOSGOPY, ETC. 117 



tyj^e, with division of parts of the genital armature which are norinaliy 

 median. The internal genital organs were as far as is known imperfectly 

 developed male organs. 



The important features of the second specimen were : (1) the pre- 

 dominantly male character of its external organs, both genital armature 

 (very imperfectly developed, however), and secondary sexual characters, 

 combined with the pattern which should accompany the male sex (from 

 the given parentage), though this was badly developed ; and (2) the 

 fact that the internal genital organs were ovaries, and contained a few 

 quite well-developed eggs. In the light of these cases, Doncaster can 

 explain cei'tain exceptions to normal sex-limited inheritance previously 

 believed to occur. 



Life-history of Tiger-beetle." — Lily H. Huie has studied the life- 

 history and bionomics of Cicindela campestris. The grub burrows in 

 sand-banks, in peat, or even in the borders of sandy roads. The head 

 and jaws together with a semicircular plate on the prothorax serve to 

 close the mouth of the hole ; the hooks on the eighth segment behind 

 the head serve to anchor tlie larva in its burrow when it springs forward 

 at a passing insect, and to support it while waiting, for the burrow is 

 deeper than the length of the body. 



The approach of even the shadow of any creature big enough to be 

 dangerous causes the larva to v/ithdraw instantly. The burrow is always 

 smooth-walled ; the orifice is perfectly circular, with its edges smoothly 

 rounded off ; the diameter of a large burrow is 5-6 mm., the depth 

 usually exceeds 3 inches ; a full-grown larva measures rather under an 

 inch in length. The larvae observed in Argyllshire fed largely on 

 blow-flies. 



The male beetles are somewhat smaller than the females. The 

 pairing occurs in May. Egg-laying was observed early in June, on 

 sunny days. The egg is laid in a pit in the ground and this is care- 

 fully filled up. If the beetle be disturbed in laying and the egg get 

 laid on the surface, she will turn round excitedly and devour her egg. 

 Other beetles show no disposition to eat the dropped egg. The eggs 

 are 2 mm. in length, oval, yellowish, coated with- viscid substance. As 

 they mature they become white and somewhat swollen. The behaviour 

 of the larva3 and adults is carefully described. A typical life-history is 

 made up as follows : — E<jg-stage, about one month, say from mid-June 

 to mid-July 1915. Larval-staije, nearly three years, from mid-July 

 1915 till June 1918. Pupal-sfagr, six or seven weeks, from early or 

 mid-June till late July or early August 1918. Adult-stage : (1) within 

 the pupal chamber, eight to nine months, from early August 1918 till 

 near the end of April, 1919 ; and (2) from the emergence from the 

 pupal chamber till egg-laying, about six weeks. 



Respiratory System of Kepa cinerea.t--S. Maidik notes that 

 the respiratory system of the nymph of this " water-scorpion " under- 



* Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edinburgh, xx. (1916) pp. 1-11. 

 t Journ. Zool. Research, i. (191G) pp. 41-58 (17 ligs.). 



