216 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



appearance the forms may be classified in three groups : unilateral or 

 halved, bilateral, and crossed gynandromorphism. The dissimilarity on 

 the two sides is seen in the presence of male scent scales or androconia, 

 coarse blue hair, and blue scales of the ordinary shape. 



It is probable that ordinary gynandromorphs are produced by 

 unequal chromosome divisions at the first cleavage of the normally 

 fertilized ovum, and that in this unequal division both the units for sex 

 and for secondary sexual characters participate. Hence such individuals 

 are likely to be true genetic hermaphrodites, having the gonad, external 

 genitalia and secondary sexual characters peculiar to one sex on the one 

 side, and those peculiar to the other on the other side. In the Royston 

 gynandromorphs, however, internal and external genitalia were always 

 female. The irregular division cannot therefore have affected the factor 

 for sex, but only the factor for certain secondary sexual characters. 



Male Scales of Lycsenidae.*-— L. Gr. Courvoisier finds that the male 

 scales or androconia are specific in distribution, size, form and structure. 

 The peculiarities are constant for the species. Different species may 

 have closely similar androconia, but there is always detailed specificity. 

 They afford convenient and reliable criteria in the identification of 

 species. They are connected by transitional forms with ordinary scales. 



External Features of Ants.f — Carlo Emery begins a systematic 

 account of Italian Hymenoptera with the family Formicidae, and gives 

 in his introduction a useful account of the detailed structure of the 

 head, the antennas, the thorax, the abdominal peduncle, the abdomen, 

 the genital armature of the male, and the wings. Then follows the 

 survey of genera and species. 



New Parasitic Hymenopteron.J — Ch. Ferriere describes ^w^ms 

 nepse sp. n., which, like Prestwichia aq_uatica, develops parasiiically in 

 the eggs of Nepa. It destroys the eggs. In the same way, the author 

 recalls, Caraphractus cinctus Walker { = Polynema nafans Lubbock) is 

 often found in the eggs of Galopteryx, and also occurs in those of 

 Notonecta ; Frestivkhia aquatica Lubbock in eggs of Hemiptera, Dytis- 

 cidae, Llbellulidge ; Typhodytes gerriphagus Marchal and T. setosus 

 8tefani-Perez in eggs of Gerris ; and Litus cynipseus Halid. in the eggs 

 of Limnobates stagnorum. 



Life-history of Braconid Parasite. § — The late G. de la Baume- 

 Pluvinel (killed at the front near Ypres) describes the stages in the 

 life-history of Adelura gahani sp. n., an internal parasite of a Dipterous 

 larva, one of the Phytomyzinse, which mines in the leaves of Ancolias. 

 The parasite makes no cocoon ; it undergoes no metamorphosis in the 

 puparium of its host. There are three well-defined larval stages. 

 The first has a marked concavity on its ventral surface, and resembles 



* Verb. Nat. Ges. Basel, xxviii. (1916) pp. 11-48 (2 pis.). 



t Bull. Soc. Entom. Ital., xlvii. (1916) pp. 79-275 (92 figs.). 



X Arch. Zool. Exp6r., Iv. (1916) Notes et Revue, No. 4, pp. 75-80 (4 figs.). 



§ Arch. Zool. Exp6r., Iv. (1915) pp. 47-59 (1 pi. and 3 figs.). 



