PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 359 



vibrafcino^ filaments, for, in contrast to flagella, cilia always occurred 

 together in considerable numbers. The action of a cilium was certainly 

 different to that of a flagellum, and was probably essentially a lashing to 

 and fro, quicker in one direction than in the other. The lashing of the 

 different rows of cilia did not take place exactly at the same moment, 

 but there was a sort of rhythmic impulse communicated along the lines 

 producing an effect similar in appearance to the waves caused by the 

 wdnd passing over a field of corn. A very large number of microscopic 

 animals were furnished with cilia, and they had many examples among 

 the exhibits, e.g. Faramcecmm, the Rotifers, and the Polyzoa. 



Lastly, there was muscular movement. It was doubtful if this type 

 of movement occurred among the Protozoa, the nearest approach to 

 muscle structure in that group being probably the contractile fibril 

 found in the stalk of Vorticella. Even in Hydra the muscular system 

 was very rudimentary, consisting of elongated contractile processes 

 arising from the bases of the ectodermal and endodermal cells. In all 

 the groups higher than the Hydrozoa, however, muscular movement 

 was commonly in evidence. In the worm types, Turbellaria, Rotifera, 

 Gastrotricha, etc., and in the Polyzoa such movement was quite usual, 

 although more often than not it was accompanied by movement due 

 to cilia. In the still more highly organised Arthropod types, Ento- 

 mostraca, Hydrachnida, Tardigrada and Insecta, practically all move- 

 ments were muscular. Many of the specimens exhibited would be 

 found to illustrate muscular movement and also the various ways in 

 which it was applied to produce locomotion of the organisms. 



Mr. Scourfield then proceeded to refer in detail to the various 

 exhibits. 



The President moved from the Chair hearty votes of thanks to the 

 Exhibitors of the Pond-Life specimens, and to Mr. Scourfield for his 

 remarks upon them. 



It was announced that the Biological Section would meet on June 6, 

 when Mr. R. Paulson, F.L.S., would make a communication on 

 Jlelaiiconis stilbostoma, a tree-destroying fungus. 



The following Objects were exhibited : — 



Mr. E. E. Banham 

 Mr. L. C. Bennett 

 Mr. C. H. Bestow 

 Mr. N. E. Brown . 

 Mr. J. Burton 



Mr. W. R. Chappie 

 Mr. F. W. Chipps 



Mr. Thos. N. Cox 

 Mr. E. Cuzner 

 Mr. D. Davies. 

 Mr. A. Downs . 



Cristatella mucedo. 



Gallidina vorax, G. plicata, etc. 



Fredericella sultana, Hydra viridis. 



Glosterium lineatum, conjugating. 



Oscillatoria, Phormidium, Lynghya. 



Red Water-mite. 



Lophojms crystallinus ; Plumatella reimis 



(young, from statoblasts). 

 Anacharis, showing cyclosis. 

 Lojjhopiis crystallinus. 

 Ephemera larva. 

 Brachionus sp. 



