ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 417 



Buck-eye Rot of Tomato.* — C. D. SherbakoflF describes this disease, 

 which affects only the fruit of tlie tomato, as being due to PhytojMhora 

 terrestria sp. n. It occurs on the fruit in all stages of its development, 

 beginning almost invariably at the point where the fruit touches the 

 ground, which is generally at the blossom end. The name " buck-eye " 

 has reference to the broad zonation on the diseased fruit due to the 

 fungus. The same fungus was found by the writer in the bark of 

 trunks of Citrus trees causing foot-rot, and in stems of a Lupine caus- 

 ing stem-rot ; as it only attacks fruit that touches the ground it ap- 

 parently exists in the soil. Many cultures and experiments were made : 

 inoculations into wounded fruit always showed the rot in twenty-four 

 hours ; into unwounded fruit occasionally after the same period of time, 

 but more generally not till three or even four days later. Comparisons 

 are made with allied fungi. 



"a" 



Pig" Rhizoctonia.f — This fungus was found on leaves, twigs, and 

 fruits of Fkus carka at Gainesville, Florida. J. Matz describes it as a 

 silvery to yellowish-white mycelium on the surface of the invaded areas. 

 No spores have been found, but sclerotia connected with it by fibrils 

 have been observed similar to those of PJiizoctonia ; they are superficial, 

 adhering by slender mycelial strands to the petioles and to the stems of 

 fruit and branches. Pure cultures were grown easily, and healthy fig- 

 trees were infected. Matz compares the organism with other Rkizoctonise 

 and finds that it is a new species, R. mkroschrotki. 



Rhizoctonia Solani.J — B. M. Duggar has made an extended study 

 of this fungus and of its occurrence under other names. He has con- 

 cluded that the common seed-bed fungus, though included in Sderotinia 

 by various writers, really belongs to Rhizoctonia, and is identical with 

 the damping-off fungus Rhizoctonia Solani (Corticimn vagum). The 

 latter condition is well known as the cause of important diseases of 

 potatoes, &c. Recently a disease of Cinchona seedUngs and of other 

 plants in Java known as the Mopopliz has been referred to the same 

 fungus. A copious bibliography is appended. 



Pathogenic Yeast-fungi in the Higher Animals.§— W. H. Emig 

 has investigated a large series of these fungi bv cultures and bv infection 

 experiments. The fungi which develop in yeast-forms belong to the 

 Phycomycetes, the Hyphomycetes, and the Saccharomycetes. 



From observations made, the author has concluded that fungi, not 

 including bacteria, are of secondary importance in the formation of 

 lesions in animal bodies, and usually appear secondarily in animal tissues. 

 On the other hand, fungi may be of primary importance when con- 

 sumed in large quantities as moulds on infected foods. He has con- 

 cluded also that pathogenic yeasts do not occur in nature ; all experi- 



* Phytopathology, vii. (1917) pp. 119-29 (5 figs.). 



t Phytopathology, vii. (1917) pp. 110-8 (2 pis. and figs.). 



X Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard., iii. (1916) pp. 1-10. 



§ Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard., iii. (1916) pp. 243-307 (13 figs.). 



