ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 489 



He has also established that the fungus very rarely winters on the 

 oak buds, but the few conidia that survive are sufficient to start again a 

 serious epidemic in the spring. The first shoots of the new growth 

 suff"er only slightly, as there are not sufficient conidia to infect them, 

 but the leaves of the second shoots are more seriously affected by wind- 

 borne conidia, which have immensely increased, and the disease is at its 

 height from the middle to the end of July. 



Oidium lactis."'— G. Linossier has carried out experiments to test 

 the relationship of Oidium lactis, a saprophytic fungus, with a parasite 

 of the human organism known by the same name. He has concluded 

 that though fundamentally the two fungi resemble each other strongly 

 they are not identical, and that therefore bronchial mycosis is not due 

 to infection by the saprophytic Oidium. They differ in some morpho- 

 logical points on the various cultures. 



British Species of Phomopsis.t — W. B. Grove has revised the genus 

 Phoma, and has followed Saccardo and other fungologists in placing a 

 number of species described as Phoma under the genus Phofnopsis. It 

 is distinguished by the form of the pycnidium, which is generally lens- 

 shaped, conical or pustular, but rarely subglobose, and sometimes 

 opening by a slit or irregular orifice. There are also two spore forms, 

 the second form including long filiform curved or arcuate spores some- 

 what like those of the genus Phlydsena. A descriptive list of these is 

 appended, nearly all of them transferred from the genus Phoma. There 

 are two new species. 



Uredinese.J — G. Gustav has studied the hibernation and spread of 

 cereal rusts in sub-tropical climates, chiefly as concerns the Eastern 

 portion of South America (Uruguay, Argentine, South Brazil), where 

 the rusts appear regularly every year. He finds that Puccinia triticina 

 and P. coronifera winter l3y means of their uredospores ; fresh infections 

 may be observed all through the winter. This is impossible in the case 

 of P. Maijdis, and has not been observed in P. graminis, and he concludes 

 that these two species pass the winter in another country, and the spores 

 are transmitted every year by air-currents. 



A. Trotter § records biological observations on Rmstelia cancellata, a 

 rust attacking the pear. This rust has an alternative stage, Gymnospor- 

 angium Sahinse on Juniperm Sahina. This latter teleutospore form 

 appears from January to April. The teleutospores germinate and 

 produce sporidioles, and it is by the dissemination of the sporidioles that 

 infection of the pear follows. He proved that there is no hibernation of 

 mycelium in the pear, and that reinfection must take place every year. 



A number of UredinaceEe have been determined by W. B. Grove }] on 



* C.R. Soc. Biol. Paris., Ixxx. (1917) pp. 283-6. 



t Kew Bull., 1917, pp. 49-73 (2 pis.). 



X Zeitschr. Pflanzenkr., xsvi. (1916) pp. 329-74. See also Bull. Agric. Intell. 

 Rome, viii. (1917) pp. 160-3. 



§ Riv. Pat. Veg., viii; (1916) pp. 67-76. See also Bull. Agric. latell. Rome, viii. 

 (1917) pp. 161-3. 



II Kew Bull. No. 10 (1916) pp. 263-72 (5 figs.). 



