532 Transactions of the Society. 



In 1882 Eudolf Haeusler, whose name must always be 

 associated with a genus to which he contributed so much interest- 

 ing literature, commenced his observations with a note (Eef. 7) 

 in which he recorded the occurrence of Brady's three species, 

 T.papillata, com'pressa and albicans, from the Oxfordian of Aargau, 

 and announced two new species, T. tuberosa and canaliculata, of 

 which, however, no figures or descriptions were given. 



In 1883 he published two further papers dealing largely with 

 fossil representatives of the genus (Refs. 8 and 9). He remarks 

 that the Jurassic Thurammina differs but little from the recent 

 forms described by Brady, some of the specimens still showing 

 the peculiar yellowish colour. 



A further statement that the " recent T. papillata is very 

 variable " would seem to point to a knowledge of recent material 

 beyond the published information available at this date, for the 

 figures of Brady and Carpenter do not illustrate any great range 

 of form. (But see our note infra upon his paper of 1890.) 

 Haeusler records the finding of a few polythalamous specimens 

 similar to Brady's example, and enlarges our information as to the 

 type species T. papillata by some excellent figures of large and 

 coarsely papillate specimens of irregular shape such as occur 

 frequently in some of the " Goldseeker " material, also specimens 

 with produced tubular apertures. 



"With less reason he creates a new species, T. heynisp)hmrica. 

 Test finely arenaceous, very thin, transparent, invariably fixed, 

 nearly hemispherical, monothalamous, with a few indistinct papillae 

 placed around the margin. Haeusler claims that it is readily 

 distinguishable from fixed varieties of T. papillata, but on what 

 appear to be very insufficient grounds. 



In the same year, 1883, Haeusler published in English a 



valuable paper on the Jurassic varieties of T. papillata (Eef. 10), 



illustrated with a plate containing more than thirty figures. The 



extreme variability of the species was for the first time recognized 



and suitably illustrated. The paper contains many valuable details 



as to the distribution and zoological associations of the genus, and 



it is of great interest to find that such characteristics have remained 



unchanged throughout long geological epochs. Thus Haeusler 



records that fossil specimens occur most abundantly in beds full of 



siliceous sponges, an association which exists to-day, for all the 



" Goldseeker " dredgings in which Thurammina occurs plentifully 



are marked by an abundant sponge fauna, while dredgings of 



similar depth in adjacent areas devoid of sponge fauna are also 



marked by paucity or absence of Thurammina}. The reason of the 



association is the more obscure as TJiurammina does not, except 



under very exceptional circumstances, employ spongial detritus in 



the construction of its tests. Haeusler also records that T. papillata 



is found in greatest numbers and in the finest condition in the 



