534 Transactions of the Society. 



of Haeusler's sub-genus Thuramminopsis has ever been recorded 

 either in the recent or fossil state. 



Thuramminopsis is separated by its author from Thurammina 

 mainly on the existence on the exterior of the shell of strictures 

 corresponding with an internal rectangular tube system, which he 

 says reminds him of the siliceous scaffolding of the hexactinellid 

 sponges. From the fact that the tubes often open to the outside 

 he was of the opinion that they were not merely to support the 

 very brittle shell, but also served in the nourishment of the animal, 

 presumably acting as the communication between the contained 

 protoplasmic body and the surrounding medium. But he admits 

 that he was not in a position to confii-m this latter theory, as, owing 

 to the bad condition of the fossil shells, he was unable to observe 

 any internal openings to the tubes. He admits the great similarity 

 existing between Thurammino'psis and the Jurassic varieties of 

 Thurammina papillata, indicating their near relationship, and in 

 the later paper (1890) he lays less stress on the tube system, and 

 his figures are much more irregular and variable, and display a 

 closer affinity to the large irregular specimens of T. papillata than 

 his original figures. 



In 1884 Brady published his great " Challenger " Monograph 

 (Ref, 12), in which the three species, T. papillata, albicans and 

 compressa described in 1879 (Kef. 2) are more fully dealt with, 

 and for the first time he figured the species T. albicans. He adds 

 very little to the information accumulated in the interim by other 

 authors, merely referring to Haeusler's and Uhlig's discoveries 

 without figuring any of the abnormal and irregular types wdiich 

 Haeusler in particular had discovered, and which presumably did 

 not come under his notice when dealing with the " Challenger " 

 material. 



In 1885 Haeusler records (Ref. 13) the occurrence of T. papillata 

 from the zone of Terebratula impressa of Aargau, but adds no 

 further information, and his figure represents only a fragment. 



In 1886 Joseph Wright (Ref. 14) lists T. papillata as occurring 

 among the Cretaceous Foraminifera of Keady Hill, and published 

 a good figure of the regular spherical type. This is the first Irish 

 Cretaceous record, and the species is described as rare. 



T. papillata appears among the species recorded by Brady in 

 his "Synopsis of British Recent Foraminifera" (Ref. 15) published in 

 1887. Two localities only are furnished, one Scotch and one Irish, 

 ranging between 38 and 110 fathoms — very shallow water for the 

 species. 



In 1887 Haeusler records (Ref. 16) delicate spherical tests of 

 T. papillata from Hauraki Gulf (New Zealand) shore gatherings, 

 "with short papillae distributed irregularly all over the surface 

 resembling the passage form of T. albicans and T. papillata from 

 the upper Jurassic strata." 



