ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICKOSCOPY. ETC. 597 



BOTANY. 



GENEHAIi, 

 Including' the Anatomy and Physiology of Seed Plants. 



Cytology, 

 Including Cell-Contents. 



Reaction of Plant Protoplasm. '•' — A. R. Haas has studied the actual 

 and the total acidity of the lemon, cranberry, grapefruit, apple, orange, 

 rhubarb, etc. There appears to be no constant relation between the 

 total acidity due to the presence of undissociated and dissociated acid 

 and the actual acidity due to the latter, since " variations occur in 

 different plants and in different parts of the same plant." The actual 

 acidity in the lemon and the cranberry is surprisingly high, but the 

 writer finds that in the former the acid is contained in special sacs, the 

 protoplasm being far less acid ; in the cranberry the acid appears to be 

 contained in the living cells, but it is possible that it may be confined to 

 special vacuoles. 



Staining of Microscopic Organisms.!— J. B. Hill describes the 

 staining of Sphserella, Pandorina, and Volvox, and other unicellular 

 and colonial organisms. The method used is briefly as follows : After 

 immersion in a suitable killing solution, the material should be filtered 

 and left on the filter-paper in the funnel, where it must be washed with 

 distilled water and treated with * 1 p.c. iron-alum solution. Re-wash 

 with distilled water and treat with • 1 p.c. aqueous hsematoxylin stain ; 

 again wash with distilled water, and then differentiate the stain with 

 0"1 p.c. iron-alum solution. Finally, give a thorough wash with dis- 

 tilled water. Dehydrate with glycerin, and use Venetian turpentine in 

 mounting. When alcoholic stains are used dehydrate before staining. 

 The two chief factors in obtaining successful mounts are : (1) the use 

 of a funnel, filter-paper, and wash-bottle, as in quantitative chemistry ; 

 (2) " dehydration and the staining methods of the Venetian turpentine 

 method of mounting." 



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Structure and Development. 

 Vegretative. 



Morphology of Keteleeria.J — A. H. Hutchinson has made a careful 

 study of the morphology of Keteleeria Fortunei in order to throw light 



* Bot. Gaz., Ixiii. (1917) pp. 232-5. 



t Bot. Gaz., Ixiii. (1917) pp. 410-12. 



j Bot. Gaz., Ixiii. (1917) pp. 124-34 (2 pis. and 3 figs.). 



