IO 



ECHINOIDEA. I. 



are perfectly recognisable, and therefore his names ought to be restored to their rights. The name of 

 P. triphylla of Mtiller, however, no doubt includes as well ophicephalous pedicellarise as triphyllous 

 ones. This name must then be kept for the small form the valves of which resemble clover-leaves, 

 while Valentin's name P. ophicephale is kept for the form described by him under this name. 

 Hamann (184) uses the name <Globiferen> especially of the pedicellarise where the mucous glands on 

 the stalk have been so highly developed, that the head has become rudimentary or is even quite 

 wanting. Thus they, as is also admitted by Hamann himself, are not a peculiar kind of organs, 

 but only transformed pedicellarise; it may, perhaps, be as well to have a special name for these pedi- 

 cellarise, but the name of <Globiferse> cannot be restricted to them, as has also been observed by 

 Duncan (130). It is, in reality, contrary to all common practice not to use the names of M tiller. 

 The reason for keeping Valentin's names given by Geddes and Beddard (163): (both on account 

 of their general acceptance and because they were the first names applied to pedicellariae after the 

 determination of their real nature; M tiller's nomenclature refers to pedicellarise as a genus of para- 

 sitic animals , is not sufficient for a disregarding of the common rules of priority. Accordingly the 

 names that ought to be used, are the following: 



Globiferous pedicellarise — Pcdiccllaria globifera Mtiller 



Tridentate 



Ophicephalous 

 Triphyllous 



tridens 



ophiocephala Valentin 

 triphylla Mtiller 



Pedic. gemmiforme Valentin, Perrier. 



P. arme Perrier (in the Cidarids). 



tGlobiferen Hamann. 

 f P. tridactyle Valentin etc. 

 \ P. inerme Perrier (in the Cidarids). 

 J P. triphylla Mtiller pro parte. 

 \ P. buccale Valentin, Hamann. 



P. trifolie Perrier. 



To facilitate the understanding of the descriptions in the following, figures are annexed 

 showing a single valve of each of the four kinds of pedicellarise together with the names used for 

 the separate parts. 



To be able to study the pedicellarise, especially the calcareous skeleton , which is of particular 

 importance for the classification, they must necessarily be treated carefully. On being boiled in 

 a not too strong solution of potash the separate pieces of the skeleton may easily be isolated, and no 

 very great technical skill is necessary to be able to make preparations in Canada balsam of these 

 pieces. (They cannot be kept in glycerine, as it resolves the lime). Accordingly I can in no way 

 subscribe to the opinion of Pomel that the pedicellarise only with difficulty can be used for the 

 classification, because leur tenuite en rend l'etude pen pratique (324 p. 13). 



Also the spicules yield good systematic characters, even if they are not, in this respect, equal to 

 the pedicellarise. They only rarely yield specific characters, and are oftenest very similar in the sepa- 

 rate genera of the same family, but they may yield excellent family characters. They may be 

 of a simple C-shape (bihamate ) — the most common form — or a little branched in both ends 

 [Strongylocentrot'us), or pointed in both ends, and with one branch or a couple of small branches in 

 the middle, .biacerate (Parasalrnia, Anthocidaris); in Sphcerechinus and especially in Toxopucustrs and 



