ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICEOSCOPY, ETC. 41 



the autochthonous forms, but only in the heterochthonous later immi- 

 grants. Thus helminthology becomes of use in distinguishing old 

 inhabitants from later immigrants, and on the other hand there is a 

 possibility of distinguishing old-established parasites from more recent 

 forms. 



New Turbellarian.* — 0. Zacharias describes Stenostoma turgidum 

 sp.n., which lives along with St. leucops and St. lemnce, in the bog-moss 

 of the moor near Plon. It is milk-white in colour, 450-500 /j. in length, 

 75 /x in maximum breadth, very like St. lemnce, but without its otolith- 

 vesicles. The specific name refers to the characteristic swellings on the 

 body. 



Notes on Gyrator hermaphroditus Ehrbg-.f — L. von Graff finds 

 that this Rhabdocoelid resembles Monoophorum durum, in having two 

 female genital apertures: one, the opening of the bursa, serves for 

 copulation ; the other, hitherto unknown, serves for oviposition. The 

 latter, which corresponds to the female genital aperture of other 

 digonoporous Turbellarians, is a fine pore on the ventral surface, about 

 twice as far from the mouth as from the posterior end of the body. 



Studies on Bipalium Species. :£ — Jos. Midler has studied some new 

 species of this genus — Bipalium megalocephalum, B. virile, B. graffi, 

 B. bohmingi, and B. penzigi, with especial reference to the copulatory 

 apparatus. 



He gives diagnoses of the new forms, and describes the reproductive 

 organs in detail. The outstanding result is that the copulatory apparatus 

 shows remarkable diversity of structure. It may be that this hinders 

 inter-breeding of species. 



The author also describes the pharyngeal apparatus in several species, 

 and notes the occurrence of a Monocystid G-regarine in the gut of 

 Bipalium virile. 



Trematodes from Marine Turtles. § — A. Looss has produced an ela- 

 borate memoir of nearly 500 pages on this subject. Among the many 

 Trematode parasites of turtles, there is one belonging to the Aspido- 

 cotylese, viz. Lophotaspis adherens Lss., one belonging to the Amphi- 

 stomidse, viz. Amphistomum vallei, twelve belonging to the Fasciolidge, 

 and fifteen belonging to the Monostomidos, family PrononcephalidaB, 

 and seven to the Monostomidas, family Angiodictyida?. In addition to 

 the systematic descriptions, the memoir discusses questions of species 

 and genus and type, — and other vexed questions among helmintho- 

 logists. 



North American Trematodes. || — H. S. Pratt has published part ii. 

 of his synopsis of North American Trematodes, — a very useful piece of 

 work. The digenetic forms — Aspidocotylea and Malacotylea — are dealt 

 with. 



American Representatives of Distomum variegatum.f — J. Stafford 

 notes that, as our knowledge of faunistic helminthology widens, it 



* Zool. Anzei<r., xxvi. (1902) pp. 41-2. t Tom. cit., pp. 39-41. 



X Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool.. lxxiii. (1902) pp. 75-114 (3 pis. and 3 figs.). 



§ Zool. Jahrb., xvi. (1902) pp. 411-894 (12 pis. and 2 figs.). 



|| Araer. Nat., xxxvi. (1902) pp. 887-910. 



% Zool. Jahrb., xvi. (1902) pp. 895-912 (1 pi.). 



