ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 45 



ception, all are large forms, notably the gigantic Bolocera multicornis 

 with several thousand tentacles. Three different species were found in 

 the stomach of a cod, which shows that this fish does not disdain sea- 

 anemones. Carlgren has used the excellently preserved specimens to 

 good purpose in the way of histological study. 



Significance of Budding and Fission in Madreporaria.* — J. E. 



Duerden notes that the bud-polyps of gemmiferous corals arise as new 

 individuals, which, in the course of their development, pass through the 

 same stages as larval polyps, and ultimately possess all the distinctive 

 characteristics — cyclical, hexameral plan, and directive mesenteries — of 

 sexually produced polyps. 



Larval polyps of fissiparous corals at first present a regular, cyclical, 

 hexameral arrangement of the mesenteries, tentacles, and septa. 



" Morphologically, a fissiparous coral, whatever its size, is to be re- 

 garded as only a single complex polyp, as contrasted with a gemmiferous 

 colony, which is made up of numerous distinct individual polyps." 



Notes on Anemones and Variation in Metridium.j — H. B. Torrey 

 gives a systematic account of the anemones collected by the Harriman 

 Alaska Expedition (six genera and six species). One genus, Charisea, 

 and two species, Charisea saxicola and Epiactis ritteri, are described as 

 new. The memoir also includes a description of a new Halcampid, 

 Harenactis attenuata, from California, a few facts concerning Epiactis 

 prolifera Verrill, and a discussion of the variations in Metridium dianthus. 



In reference to the last topic, it may be noted that the author seeks 

 to show : — (a) that regular hexamerous diglyphic polyps arise non- 

 sexually as well as sexually ; (b) that monoglyphic forms arise sexually 

 as well as non-sexually ; (c) that irregularities in the number and 

 arrangement of mesenteries may be accounted for largely, perhaps ex- 

 clusively, by non-sexual reproduction (mainly basal fragmentation) ; and 

 (d) that variation of structural types is not correlated with mode of 

 reproduction, bat that the cause of such variation must be sought among 

 the causes of variation in the number of siphonoglyphs, of the correla- 

 tion of siphonoglyphs and directives, and the like. What these causes 

 are is at present unknown. 



Protozoa. 



Reproduction of Acanthometridae.J — A. Porta describes two modes 

 of multiplication : — (a) by spores ; and, rarely (Z>) by budding. Corre- 

 sponding thereto are two kinds of juvenile forms : — (a) uninuclear 

 individuals of considerable size, with well-developed skeleton ; and (b) 

 multinuclear individuals of small size, in which the skeleton is absent, 

 or very slightly developed. 



In Acanthometra cuspidata Hkl. the author found a peculiar para- 

 site — Amcebophrya acanthometra — as yet mcertce sedis. 



New Tripylea.§ — A. Borgert describes, from the material of the 

 German Plankton Expedition, some interesting new Radiolarians, be- 



* Ann. Nat. Hist., lix. (1902) pp. 382-93 (4 figs.). 



t Proo. Washington Acad. Sci., iv. (1902) pp. 373-410 (2 pis. and 17 figs.). 



t Rend. R. 1st. Lombardo. xxxiv. (1901) pp. 811-22 (2 pis.). 



§ Zool. Jahrb., xv. (1902) pp. 563-77 (11 tigs.). 



