ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 51 



shows sometimes traces of cellulose and pectic compounds. The greater 

 part consists of the substance described by Fremy as vasculose. 



Comparative Anatomy of the Stem in Magnoliacese.* — Gr. D'lppolito 

 describes the structure of the transverse section of the stem in the chief 

 genera of the order, especially with relation to that of the secondary 

 wood. 



Parasitism of Buckleya Quadriala.f — S. Kusano has made an 

 elaborate study of the parasitism of this member of the family Santalacew. 

 The fact of its parasitic habit was discovered by Shirai, and announced 

 in his work on plant diseases (published in Japanese in 1894). Kusano 

 finds that a number of species may serve as hosts, including the conifers 

 Cryptomeria, Abies fir ma, Chamcecyparis, and species of Quercus, 

 Carpinus, Fagus, Alnus, Rhododendron, and others. A full description 

 is given of the form and anatomy of the haustoria and of the secondary 

 growth in thickness. The haustorium has a cambium ring between its 

 cortical and axial parts, whereby a continued growth in thickness is 

 effected. The cambium of the haustorium joins that of both the host 

 and the mother root. Demarcations between the zones produced in 

 each growth-period are visible, though faintly. 



Anatomy of Anonaceae.J — H. Beyer gives a general account of the 

 anatomy of the vegetative and floral organs, especially of African species 

 of this family ; also a short anatomical description of the leaves of all 

 the African species studied. 



Protection of Young Foliage Leaves and Seed Leaves. § — A. Hans- 

 girg has studied the means of protection against injury, excessive loss of 

 water, &c. in the young leaves and cotyledons of a large number of 

 plants, including ferns and seed plants. In this connection he arranges 

 under twelve biological types, the young foliage leaves developing from 

 subterranean and aerial buds. 



Localised Stages of Growth. || — J. |A. Cushman has studied the 

 early spring growth in some common New England plants with a view 

 to the appearance of stages of development, similar to stages found in 

 the young individual and also in the adult of ancestral forms. He notes a 

 well marked relation between the occurrence of the earliest stages and 

 the age of the plant. The plant coming up in its second year tends to 

 be more primitive in its first characters than older and stronger plants, 

 and therefore repeats more stages in arriving at the typical form than do 

 older individuals. Weak individuals are more apt to show earlier 

 stages than are more vigorous plants ; this is true whether the whole is 

 weak or whether the growth arises from, adventitious or weaker buds. 



Thorns of Gleditschia triacanthos.^" — J. A. Harris figures and 

 describes some variations from the usual structure noted during omi 

 season in the thorns of this species. 



* Malpighia, xv. (1902) pp. 438-60. 



t Journ. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, Japan, xvii. (1902) Art. 10, 42 pp. (1 pi). 

 t Engl. Bot. Jahrb., xxxi. (1902) pp. 516-55 (figs, in text). 

 § Beih. Bot. Centralbl., xiii. (1902) pp. 173-93. 

 || Amer. Natural., xxxvi. (1902) pp. 865-85 (5 pis.). 

 f Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, xi. (1901) pp. 215-22 (5 pis.). 



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