80 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



varieties of actinomyces, viz. ochraceus, ochroleucus, and carneus, show 

 evidence of multiplication at 0° C. after 80 days. The author found 

 that numerous bacteria (including the B. coli communis and the 

 B. enteritidis of Gartner), although unable to grow at the temperature, 

 were not killed by a 60 days' exposure to it, as when transferred to the 

 incubator at 24° C. growth took place. 



Action of Alcoholic Fermentation on the Bacillus typhosus.* — 

 E. Bodin and F. Pailheret, having in a previous communication proved 

 that it could multiply in acid cider, made a series of experiments to 

 determine whether the B. typhi abdominalis, if previously existing in 

 must, could withstand the action of alcoholic fermentation. They 

 therefore prepared artificial must, consisting of neutral solutions con- 

 taining 0*5 to 1*5 p.c. peptone, and 3 to 5*5 p.c. pure glucose, ordinary 

 sugar or candied sugar, and planted the B. typhi therein. The bacillus 

 growing well, the solution was then inoculated with (? pressed) yeast, 

 and kept at 22° C. Vigorous alcoholic fermentation then ensued, and 

 the authors found that the B. typhi and also the B. coli communis 

 remained living throughout and after the process. Further, in sac- 

 charose media the authors found that the B. typhi would only remain 

 alive if carbonate of lime had first been added to the medium (to 

 neutralise, as soon as found, the acid products of the growth of the 

 bacillus), whilst the B. coli persisted under all conditions. 



Identity of Rhinoscleroma Bacillus with Friedlander's Bacillus.f 

 ■ — Felix Klemperer and Max Scheier contend that the bacillus of ozama 

 and of rhinoscleroma are identical with Friedlander's bacillus, basing 

 their contention on the morphological resemblances and the similarity of 

 the cultural reactions. They further state, as the result of their own ex- 

 periments, that specific antitoxin and agglutinin are formed in animals 

 immunised against these bacilli ; and that serum obtained from animals 

 immunised against each of these organisms will cause " clumping " of all 

 three species, but is so far specific in its action that it fails to clurnp 

 cultivations of other bacteria. They therefore conclude that the use of 

 the titles bacillus of ozama and bacillus of rhinoscleroma should be dis- 

 continued, and the organisms in question referred to as Friedlander's 

 bacillus in ozama or in rhinoscleroma respectively. 



Differentiation of Bacillus typhi abdominalis and Bacillus coli 

 communis.! — F. Krause describes a method of differentiating the 

 B. typhi from the B. coli by means of the study of the deep colonies 

 grown in a urine medium containing 1 p.c. agar and 15 p.c. gelatin for 

 from 14 to 15 hours at 37° C. (at which temperature the medium 

 remains solid and is only very slowly liquefied by peptonising bacteria). 

 The author states that the reaction of the medium is extremely import- 

 ant and should correspond to 0*3 p.c. lactic acid. Under these 

 conditions the typhoid colonies are rounded or sometimes irregular 

 in shape, varying in size, and finely granular and greyish in colour, 

 becoming slightly brownish as the colony enlarges. From these colonies 



* Comptes Kendus, cxxxv. (1902) pp. 299-301. 



t Centralbl. Bakt., l t0 Abt. (Ref.), xxxii. (1902) pp. 70-1. See also Zeitschr. f. 

 Klin. Med., xlv. (1902) pp. 132-51. 



X Centralbl. Bakt., 1" Abt. (Ref.), xxxii. (1902) pp. 337-8. See also Archiv. f. 

 Hyg , xliv. H. 1. 



