182 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



the development of this bladderworm of the mouse, and corroborates 

 Kiichenmeister's account of its transformation into the tapeworm of 

 the cat, which was more accurate than Leuckart's. Almost the entire 

 length of the bladderworm, except the bladder and the part immediately 

 adjacent, passes over into the tapeworm stage. 



Minute Structure of Cysticerci.* — P. Rossler gives a histological 

 account of the cuticle and the subjacent epithelium that forms it, the 

 parenchyma, and the musculature in Cysticercus tenuicollis and 0. 

 fasciolaris. 



Distomum clavatum.f — H. von Buttel-Reepen points out that this 

 name covers a group of species parasitic in fishes (ScombridaB). He 

 takes a survey of the group and gives a detailed account of two new 

 species, — D. ampullaceum probably from Ooryphcena (though reported 

 bv the collector as from a Cetacean), and D. siemersi from the stomach 

 of Sphyrama barracuda, the first Trematode reported from this fish. 



American Representatives of Distomum cygnoides.f — J. Stafford 

 shows that there occur in American frogs and toads no fewer than five 

 distinct species of what should (after Looss") be called the genus 

 Oorgodera. He gives diagnoses and figures of these. 



Contributions to Study of BipaliidseJ — J. Muller has investi- 

 gated the copulatory apparatus of Bipalium virile, B. graffi, B. bohmigi, 

 B. penzigi, — four new species. He has also studied B. megacephalum 

 sp. n. and B. robiginosum v. Graff. The most striking general result 

 is the great diversity in the copulatory apparatus as compared with other 

 systems, but this is characteristic of terrestrial Triclads and of many 

 other groups of animals. It is noteworthy that species inhabiting the 

 same area are often very different in their copulatory organs, while 

 those inhabiting separate areas are often somewhat similar. There may 

 be here some relation to reproductive isolation, i.e. to the prevention of 

 intercrossing. 



Fresh-water Polyclad.|| — R. Ritter von Stummer-Traunfels de- 

 scribes as Shelf ordia borneensis g. et sp. n. a new form of Leptoplanid, 

 interesting in its marked structural divergence from all other known 

 genera in this family, but even more interesting as the only Polyclad 

 known to occur in fresh water. It was found by R. Shelf ord in stagnant 

 pools in Borneo. 



Callinera burgeri.lf — D. Bergendal completes his account of this 

 divergent Palasonemertine. As regards the epithelium, the integu- 

 mentary muscular layer, the disposition of the blood-vessels, the position 

 of the mouth, the structure of the brain and lateral cords, the nature 

 of the gut and gonads, Callinera agrees generally with the Palaeo- 

 nemertines. As regards the position of the brain and nerve-cords, it 

 agrees especially with the Protonemertines. 



The most important peculiarities are the following : — (1) The pointed 



* Zool. Jahrb., xvi. (1902) pp. 423-48 (2 pis. and 4 figs.). 



+ Op. cit, xvii. (1902) PP- 165-236 (5 pis. and 8 figs.). 



J Tom. cit., pp. 411-24 (1 pi.). 



S Zeitschr. wise. Zool., lxxiii. (1902) pp. 75-114 (3 pis. and 3 figs.). 



II Zool. Anzeig., xxvi. (1902) pp. 159-61. 



f Acta Univ. Lund, xxxvii. No. 2 (1901) pp. 49-118 (2 pis. and 25 figs.). 



