ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 183 



head, not marked off from the body, with subterminal proboscis-open- 

 ing, and with the mouth opening just behind the brain ; (2) the 

 absence of special cerebral organs and the presence of contractile lateral 

 organs ; (3) the strong development of the brain, and especially of the 

 dorsal ganglia, whose fibrillar nuclei are for a considerable extent 

 directly apposed to the matrical layer, and the shortness of the ventral 

 cerebral commissures ; (4) the development on the head only of a strong 

 nervous layer ; (5) the unpaired oesophageal nerve ; (6) the thinness of 

 the matrical layer and its very constant and regular lenticular swellings 

 outside the nerve-cords ; (7) the four bundles of longitudinal muscles 

 and the annular muscles in the fore-gut division of the proboscis ; 

 (8) the enormous strength and peculiar form of the posterior end of the 

 proboscis-sheath ; and (9) the disposition of the blood-vessels above the 

 gut in the fore-gut region. 



The classification proposed is : — 

 Fam. Carinellidas M'Intosh. 



Sub-family 1. Carinelleas Bergendal, incl. Carinina Hubrechfc 

 and Carinella Johnston. 



Sub-family 2. Callinerese Bergendal, incl. Callinera Bergendal. 



Incertae Sedis. 



Ptychodera erythrsea from the Red Sea.* — C. B. Klunzinger ex- 

 tends Spengel's account of this species. Some of its chief characters 

 may be summed up — considerable size, conical proboscis, a grape-like 

 appendage on the ventral surface of the proboscis stalk, cylindrical 

 collar and trunk, very large genital ridges sinuous marginally, long 

 branchial region. 



Rotifera. S 



New Male Rotifers.f — "W. Wesche describes and figures the males 

 of Triarthra lo?igiseta, Notommata naias, and Notops hyptopus, not 

 before recorded, and in addition a male Rotifer having jaws which the 

 author has not been able to identify, j 



Echinoderma. 



Rearing Later Stages of Echinoid Larvse.J — L. Doncaster used 

 four-litre jars secured from dust, supplied with fresh sea-water (brought 

 from some distance from land) about five times a week, with or without 

 plunger, and kept cool in the hot weather by a slow stream of running 

 water. The results obtained differed very greatly according to the 

 species ; Sphar echinus granulans and hybrids with this species never 

 developed further than the stage reached about the eighth day, although 

 they sometimes lived for three weeks ; Strongylocentrotus lividus and 

 Echinus microtuberculatus and hybrids between them were reared to the 

 young urchin stage. The hybrid urchins, which for some reason do not 

 occur in nature, lived for a few days. 



* Verh. Deufcch. Zool. Gee., xii. Vers. (1902) pp. 195-202 (4 figs.). 

 t Journ. Quekett Micr. Club, viii. (1902) pp. 323-30 (2 pis.). 

 X Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc, xii. (1903) pp. 47-9. 



