ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 335 



Miiller-Thurgau observed that the disease was most prevalent in 

 light soils where the vines were apt to suffer from want of water. They 

 were consequently feeble and liable to be attacked by the red -brand. 

 He advocates the careful removal or burying of all leaves before the 

 spores of the apothecia are developed. He recommends also an early 

 spraying with Bordeaux mixture. 



Disease of Sorbus Aucuparia.* — A. von Jaczewski found a species 

 of Leptosphceria causing greyish round spots with a brown margin on 

 the leaves of the mountain ash. He thinks it is probably the ascus 

 form of Septoria Sorbi already described. As the ascus form is new he 

 calls it Leptosphceria Sorbi. 



Gooseberry Mildew in Europe. f — E. S. Salmon detected this 

 American pest in Ireland in 1900, the first recorded appearance in 

 Europe. Since then the disease has appeared in numerous fresh localities 

 in Ireland and in two widely-separated districts in Russia. More 

 recently it has been found that the fungus also attacks red currants. It 

 grows on several species of Ribes in the United States. It is a plague 

 much to be dreaded by fruit-growers. 



Notes on Erysiphaceae.J — J. G-. Sanders publishes a note on the 

 variation in the form of the appendages of Podosphctra oxyacanthcB. On 

 an average, about half the number of perithecia he examined were 

 compound appendages, in varying degrees of development. 



Xylarise of South America. § — Karl Starback describes the members 

 of this family collected on the first Regnell expedition. He has added 

 a considerable number of new species to the various genera, and has 

 described one new genus Solenoplea with one species microspora. The 

 stroma is marginate, and is closely packed with cylindrical perithecia. 

 The genus is allied to Nummularia. 



Study of Heredity.|| — W. W. Lepeschkin has taken up the study of 

 one-celled organisms such as yeasts, to throw light, if possible, on the 

 question as to whether species arise by gradual selection, or by sudden 

 variation. He selected Schizosaccharomyces for experiment, and obtained 

 a seemingly new form of fungus which, had it been formed in nature, 

 would have been placed in Endomyces rather than in Saccharomyces. He 

 discusses at length the growth of the fungus and the theories as to the 

 transmission of characters in its development. 



_ Cytology of Yeast.il — A. Guilliermond reviews previous work on 

 this subject, specially, noting Wager's conclusions that the vacuole in 

 the cell was the nucleus and that the body always associated with it was 

 the nucleolus. The writer finds, as did" Wager, the granular bodies in 

 the vacuole, but he finds them also in the cytoplasm of the cell. He 

 demonstrates them first of all in a yeast of a Dematium sp., where they 

 are quite separate from the nucleus. Also in Oidiwn ladis, he finds 



* Ann. Myc, i. (1903) pp. 29-30. 



t Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc, xxvii. (1902) pp. 596-6)1 (with fig.), 

 t Journ. of Myc, viii. (1902) p. 170. 



§ Bihang K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., xxvii. pt. 3, No. 9, 26 pp. (1 pi.). 

 || Centralbl. Bakt., x. (1903) pp. 1 45-51 (2 pis.). 



•J Rev. Gen. de Bot., xv. (1903) pp. 49-66 (9 pis.) and 104-24 (30 figs.). 



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