ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 529 



growth throughout. The conidiophores are usually unbranched and 

 rise from a pseudoparenchyinatous mass of hyphse. The conidia are 

 somewhat pyriform, and germinate readily from each cell. Small masses 

 of mycelium form sclerotium-like bodies which resemble the first stage 

 of the perithecia of Letendrcea eurotioides of which H. macrocarpum is 

 probably the conidial stage. 



Disease of Apples.* — A disease of the fruits which begins in the 

 core and spreads outwards has been traced by F. Eeinitzer to the growth 

 of a fungus Gephalothecium roseum. The parts affected become brown 

 and are very bitter. This fungus is only known hitherto as a sapro- 

 phyte on dead wood, &c. 



Monilia Disease.f — -Karl Schilberszky does not accept the opinion 

 that 3f.fr uctigena and M. cinerea are two distinct species. The morpho- 

 logical and other differences noted are rather those of accommodation by 

 the fungus to the different hosts. The Sclerotinia form had not been 

 found when this research was made. 



A careful account % of the same fungus as found on apples, and 

 advice as to the best methods of combating it are given by the Board of 

 Agriculture. Monilia attacks the leaves first where it forms green velvet 

 patches. The spores are washed by rain on to the young fruit where 

 they develop and ruin the fruit. 



Botrytis parasitica. § — J. Ritzema Bos gives the conclusion of his 

 work on the tulip disease in Holland. He discusses the spread of the 

 disease, recommends the cultivator how to deal with infected soil and 

 gives the results of his experiments with various fungicides. 



Botrytis vulgaris on Figs.|| — This fungus attacks unripe figs; 

 these become mummified and hang on the tree. A. Prunet describes 

 the development of the Botrytis and of the sclerotia on the figs. He 

 also found that the branches above and below the diseased fruits were 

 invaded and destroyed by the fungus. Sclerotia were formed on the 

 branches as well as the conidia of the Botrytis. The writer recommends 

 plucking the mummified figs to prevent the infection of the branches. 

 The disease has done considerable harm in the south of France. 



New Hyphomycetes.1T — Morgan found a new member of the Tuber- 

 culariaceas, Sporocystis condita, growing on old leaves in woods. It is 

 characterised by a large, fleshy, white, subglobose stroma with a dense 

 superficial layer of subglobose, colourless spores. 



Roland Thaxter ** describes two coprophilous moulds of great inte- 

 rest. Heterocephahim aurantiacum gen. et sp. no v. has the appearance 

 of a large Aspergillus. The sporophores rise from a swollen head and 

 from their branched ends minute oval spores are abjointed, the whole 

 head is surrounded by a cortex of hyphte. Cephcdiophora gen. nov. is of 



* Oest. Bot. Zeitschr., lii. (1902) p. 290. 



t Magyar bot. lapok, i. (1902) pp. 157-8. See also Centralbl. Bakt., x. (1903) 

 pp. 224-5. % Journ. Board Agria, ix. (1903) pp. 526-7 (1 pi.). 



§ Centralbl. Bakt., x. (1903) pp. 89-94. 

 il Comptes Kendus, cxxxvi. (1903) pp. 395-7. 

 «[[ Journ. Mycol., viii. (1903) p. 1G9. 

 ** Bot. Gazette, xxxv. (1903) pp. 153-9 (2 pis.). 



