ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 531 



W. A. Kellerman* supplies the record of sixty-seven experiments with 

 rusts. He has been successful in many cases in tracing the life-history 

 of various Uredinese from host to host. 



Rusts of LeguminossB.f — In Europe there is but one rust belonging 

 to the genus Uromyces that inhabits members of the natural order 

 Leguminosse. In other countries a considerable number of genera have 

 been described. P. Dietel gives an account of these genera and dis- 

 cusses the relationships between them and between other closely allied 

 genera found on other hosts. He holds that the primitive Puccinia had 

 a one-celled spore, similar to Uromyces. 



New or Critical Species of Uromyces 4 — Fr. Bubak has examined 

 a number of species from Bohemia. Many of the species are new, and 

 to all he has affixed copious critical notes. The paper is illustrated by 

 figures of Uromyces spores. 



" Phthiriose," a Disease of the Vine.§ — L. Mangin and P. Viala 

 have studied this disease, which has done much damage to the vineyards 

 of Palestine. In that country the roots of the vine are attacked. In 

 Europe and Africa the writers found the fungus only on the aerial organs 

 of the plant. The disease is due primarily to the presence of a cochineal 

 insect, Dactylopus vitis, which injures the root causing a flow of sap. In 

 something like symbiotic relation with the insect, they found a fungus 

 which lived on the sap and produced a copious mycelium round the root. 

 The fungus does not penetrate the root, though it prevents its growth ; 

 there is a hollow space between the mycelium and the root, forming a 

 tunnel in which insects can shelter and move about. The fungus is, 

 they consider, one of the Uredinese, and has been named by the writers 

 Bornetina corium. From the habit and organisation of Bornetina they 

 consider it to be a new type of fungus. 



Problems in the Study of Plant Rusts. || — In an address delivered 

 to the Botanical Society at "Washington, J. 0. Arthur reviews the whole 

 position of the study of Uredineaj. He gives a historical account of the 

 experiments undertaken to verify the doctrine of hetercecism, and the 

 connection between the different forms. Culture-experiments have 

 grouped in one life-cycle forms that were previously widely separated ; 

 but they have also demonstrated the limitations of certain species_ in 

 regard to the hosts attacked ; what was regarded as one fungus being 

 really several distinct species. 



Arthur accepts the theory that there is direct kinship between the 

 Uredineaa and the Basidiomycetes. He discusses the nature of the 

 spermogonium and ascidium, the first forms to be developed in the 

 life-history of the Rusts. He considers that the teleutospore closes 

 the cycle ; it is the one structure absolutely essential to the species, and 

 persists when the other forms have disappeared. 



* Journ. Mycol., lxv. (1903) pp. 6-13. 



+ Ann. Mycol., i. (1903) pp. 3-14. 



X S.B. k. Bohm. Ges. Wiss., 1902 (1903) No. 46, 23 pp. 



<> Comptes Rendus, cxxxvi. (1903) pp. 397-9. 



11 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, xxx. (1903) pp. 1-18. 



