ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 537 



J. B. Ellis and E. Bartholomew * publish a short list of new micro- 

 scopic forms : there is one new genus Stachybotryella which differs from 

 Stachybotrys in its paler colour and in the absence of any perceptible 

 basidia, the conidia arising directly from the apex of the fertile hyphge. 

 The specimens were collected in various localities of the United States. 



Notse mycologicsB.t — P. A. Saccardo contributes critical notes and 

 diagnoses of new species. They are all microfungi and most of them 

 collected from different districts in Italy. 



East African Fungi.* — P. Hennings gives a second instalment of 

 systematic work on tropical East African fungi, with description of new 

 forms. 



Products of Metabolism in Lichens.§ — Wilhelm Zopf has made 

 an exhaustive study of one genus Evernia in regard to the formation 

 in the plants of various vegetable acids and other compounds. His 

 aim was to acquire a knowledge of these substances, to study the effect 

 of locality and season on their production, and to bring the knowledge 

 gained to bear on the determination of species by new chemical tests 

 or otherwise. He gives an account of the methods he employed. 

 Ether, benzole, and chloroform were the best solvents. His examina- 

 tion included nine species, two of which he has established as new. The 

 products he has determined are Atranoracid, one of the most wide- 

 spread lichen compounds ; Physodacid less frequently found ; Usninacid 

 also very wide-spread, but present in only three of the species examined ; 

 Divaricetacid only in two species ; Isidacid a new product, Evernacid, 

 Vidpinacid, and Olivetoracid ; the latter four products found each in 

 one species only of Evernia. In some of the species he detected the 

 carbohydrate Everniin. While the presence or absence of these various 

 substances enabled him to decide sharply between different species, he 

 found that the morphological characters in every case corresponded with 

 his determination. Under each species he gives a detailed account of 

 the method employed and the results obtained. In five species he 

 found a dark-blue colouring substance on the underside of the thallus. 

 The paper is illustrated by one figure in the text, and by photographs 

 of the various forms assumed by E. furfuracea, E. isidiophora sp. n., 

 and E. olivetorina sp. n. 



Two Marine Lichens. || — M. Reed describes an " £/7wz-coroposite " 

 and a " Pr«si"o?«-composite " formed by the symbiotic union between an 

 ascomycete of the genus Guiynardia and Ulva californica, and Prasiola 

 borealis sp. n. respectively. The former, Guiynardia Uhm, grows at 

 upper tide-mark on the shady side of sandstone boulders at the entrance 

 to the Bay of San Francisco. The algal cells are distributed singly or 

 in groups contained in capsules formed by a network of hyphas and in 

 a gelatinous matrix ; there is a thick central zone of mycelium. The 

 perithecia, which are found at all seasons of the year, are blackish swell- 

 ings on the surface of the thallus. The ascospores are discharged in 



* 



Tom. cit., pp. 173-8. t Ann. Mycol., i. (1903) pp. 24-9. 



t Engler, Bot. Jahrb., xxxiii. (1902) pp. 34-40. 

 § Beih. Bot. Centralbl., xiv. (1903) pp. 95-126 (3 pis.). 

 || Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot, i. (1902) pp. 141-G4 (2 pis.). 



