'606 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



papillae is quite different in Lepidoptera and Triclioptera from that 

 observed in Hymenoptera. In the latter, the two pairs of papilla) 

 remain in close approximation at the base of the genital pouch which 

 becomes deeper and deeper : in the former they obliterate the pouch so 

 that the valvae are displaced on to the surface of the body, while the 

 penis becomes hidden in a new insinking, the penial pouch. In the 

 Hymenoptera the conditions are much more primitive than in Lepido- 

 ptera and Trichoptera. 



Teeth of Diptera.* — W. H. Harris describes typical examples of the 

 " teeth " borne on the flexible lobes of the proboscis of many Diptera. 

 " The dental organs of Diptera may be divided into two groups, the com- 

 pound and the simple. The former contain from two to four rows of 

 teeth, developed on different lines ; the simple contain organs more 

 highly differentiated, and approaching in form the lower orders of 

 vertebrate types. With the development of teeth there has throughout 

 been a gradual diminution of pseudo-tracheae, both in size and number, 

 until they disappear entirely." So far as the author's researches have 

 been carried, the dental organs of flies appear to supply a fairly constant 

 additional set of specific characters. 



Diptera from Amber.f — F. Meunier adds to a previous study of 

 amber insects an account of Silvias laticornis (Tabanidas), Lophyrophorus 

 flabellatus g. et sp. n. (Xylophagida?), Paheohilarimorpha bif areata sp. n. 

 (Leptidse) Hodocera eoce/iica sp. n. (Empidae), and Spliyracephala breviata 

 sp. n. (Diopsinge). 



Mosquitos in Winter 4 — Prof. Bruno Galli- Valero and Madame 

 G. Rochaz give the results of their observations on the occurrence of 

 the larvae of Anopheles and Calex during winter in marshes in the 

 Oanton Waadt. The hibernating larvae are found especially among the 

 sedges and similar plants along the margin, but are rare in the open 

 water. The ova are very resistant to cold and drought, and may 

 survive the winter even if the marshy ground becomes dry. 



Anopheles in the Iberian Peninsula. § — G. Pittaluga discusses the 

 •distribution of four species of Anopheles (A. pseudopictus, A. saperpktus, 

 A. claviger, and A. bifarcatus) in the Iberian peninsula, and their 

 relation to the occurrence of malaria. The Iberian species are the same 

 as those in Italy as reported by Ficalbi and Grassi, but the genus Aedes, 

 which is not known in Italy, also occurs. 



Dipterous Parasite of the Vine-pest Haltica.}] — C. Vaney and 

 A. Conte describe Degeeria fanebris Mg., whose larva is parasitic in 

 Haltica ampelopltaga Guer., which is such a formidable enemy of the 

 vines in southern districts. The importance of Degeeria fanebris as a 

 ■counteractive of Haltica is great, for it castrates and kills its host, and 

 •occurs in 35 per cent, of cases. Its development should be encouraged. 



* Journ. Quekett Micr. Club, 1903, pp. 389-98 (6 figs, and 1 pi.). 

 t Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., xvi. (1902) pp. 395-406 (1 pi.). 

 X Centralbl. Bakt. Parasitenkunde, 1'° Abt., xxxii. (1902) pp. 601-8. 

 § Atti R. Accacl. Liucei Roma (Rend.), xii. (1903) pp. 529-38. 

 || Comptes Rendus, exxxvi. (1903) pp. 1275-6. 



