ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 629 



tion of the gametophyte from small fragments of the plant ; and later 

 writers have shown that practically every cell possesses a latent capacity 

 for regenerating the whole plant. Apospory has been observed by 

 W. H. Lang in Anthoceros Icevis, fragments of the sporogonial wall 

 having been cultivated into young gametophyte thalli. 



Biology of Hepaticse.* — F. Cavers publishes notes on some points 

 in the biology of hepatics, limiting his remarks to the vegetative organs 

 and the various ways in which these are adapted to the needs of the 

 plants. Treating principally of British genera and in particular of the 

 thalloid forms, and illustrating his points with figured sections of the 

 plants, he brings out the main differences of structure, air-cavities, 

 stomata, assimilative tissues, mucilage cells, ventral scales, &c, and 

 shows what part they play in the life of the plant and how they may 

 be modified to suit a change of environment. 



Thallophyta. 

 Algae. 



Fresh-water Algae .f—W. Schmidle publishes some critical notes on 

 several genera. He finds that the difference between ffccmatococcus and 

 Chlamydomonas is quite marked. He has studied H. Butschlii and H. 

 pluvialis and finds that a nucleus is always present in the centre of the 

 cell and is always surrounded by a red oil-drop, which renders the 

 nucleus indistinct. The size of the red spot varies greatly and from it 

 the protoplasm extends on all sides, passing over into the chromatophore, 

 and apparently penetrating into the pseudopodia. The chromatophore 

 is described, as well as all other details of the cell-structure, and the 

 author is of opinion that Hmnatococcus and Chlamydomonas cannot 

 even be regarded as belonging to the same family. 



On the other hand, Stephanospluera pluvialis Cohn is regarded by 

 the author as being closely connected with Hcematococcus Butschlii, and 

 he suggests the name of Sphasrellacea? for a sub-family of Chlamy- 

 domonadineae, to include these two genera. 



Then follow remarks on Chlamydomonas and Chlorogonium. The 

 former genus has an extremely variable chromatophore, but as the forms 

 it assumes fall more or less into two types, the author divides the genus 

 into two sections, Euchlamydomonas and Chlorogoniella. The species 

 belonging to each section are enumerated. An amended description is 

 given of Chlamydomonas mucicola Schmidle, and points of relationship 

 are shown between Chlamydomonas and Chlorogonium. 



Charteria forms the subject of the next note, and a new species, C. 

 alpina, is described. The genus is divided by the author into two 

 groups : one having the pyrenoid in front of the nucleus = Corbiera, and 

 the other having the pyrenoid behind the nucleus = Eucharteria. A key 

 is given to the species in each group. 



The species of Chloromonas Gobi are next dealt with, a new species 

 is described, C. alatina, and a key to the species of the genus is given. 



* Naturalist, 1903, pp. 169-76; 208-15 (12 figs, in text). 

 f Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gesell., xxi. (1903) pp. 346-55 (1 pi.). 



