ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICEOSCOPY, ETC. 641 



of meal-worms, but the fungus had to be closely pressed on to the sub- 

 stratum. From material thus grown he infected gelatin plates and 

 pepton-flesh extract bouillon. Any addition of soda had to be avoided ; 

 ordinary cooking salt, though not necessary, was harmless, hence the 

 fungus can live in the sea. The author found no oospores, a resting 

 stage is secured by persisting parts of the mycelium and by gemma?. 

 They are very resistant to the action of sulphuric and carbonic acids, 

 ammonia and absence of oxygen. The cellulin grains stained with 

 Congo red, thus attesting to the connection with cellulose. Membrane 

 formations were occasionally found at the strictures of the hyphae, 

 something like the rings of (Edogonium. 



For nourishment the fungus demands chiefly nitrogenous compounds 

 in solution. Carbohydrates are of slight importance. Leptomitus is 

 usually found growing in running water at some little distance from an 

 entering drain. The strongly alkaline or acid nature of the contents 

 of the drain are thus somewhat diluted before coming in contact with 

 the fungus, and the absence of bacteria is secured. It is usually found 

 in winter, but this depends not so much on temperature as on the 

 conditions of public works of which the drains supply the nutriment 

 required by the fungus. 



Phycomycetes.* — Fr. Bubak describes a new species Entomophthora 

 Lauxanice which he found on mummified flies on the under side of 

 leaves of Spircea. There were no conidia, but the resting spores that 

 filled the body of the fly were specifically different from those of other 

 species. 



He finds that Peronospora Bulbocapni is distinct from P. Corydalis 

 with which it has been frequently classified, and he finds also that the 

 species of Peronospora on Saxifraga granulata differs from the form 

 found on Chrysospleniwn and merits specific rank. He names it P. 

 Sax/fragce. The conidia are larger and somewhat different in form 

 from those of P. Chrysosplenii. 



Spore-Development in Aphanomyces.f — W. Rothert finds that the 

 formation of zoospores begins with a layer of protoplasm deposited on 

 the wall of the zoosporangium something like a thickened ring. 

 Vacuoles are subsequently formed in these plasma masses, at a still later 

 stage the individual spores are separated off. He describes in detail all 

 the different stages in the maturing and escape of the zoospores. 



Coenomyces consuens g. et sp. n.J — Const, von Deckenbach de- 

 scribes this fungus as having zoosporangia which would indicate its 

 connection with the Phycomycetes, but it has also septate mycelium 

 which places it nearer the higher forms. He therefore proposes a new 

 class of fungi the Coenomycetes, to contain such forms. He takes 

 occasion to examine the relationships of the different groups. Ccznomyce* 

 is parasitic on Calothrix confer v kola. 



New England Choanephora.§— This genus was found in India and 

 described by Cunningham. It forms zygospores and sporangia which 



* Hedwigia, xlii. (1903) Beibl. pp. 100-4. 

 t Flora, xcii. (1903) pp. 293-301 (7 figs.). 

 % Tom. cit., pp. 253-83 (2 pis.). § Rhodora, v. (1903) pp. 97-102 (2 figs.). 



