ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 647 



author records the results of the various experiments with the Torula 

 fungus. 



Eduard Buchner * and others have conducted a research on zymase 

 fermentations and pay special attention to the biological side of the 

 fermentation problem in connection with the cell-contents of yeast. 



P. Maze f has devoted special attention to the forms of yeast that 

 are capable of acting on lactose and which are quite different from the 

 ordinary species of Saccharomyces. He finds them most easily in soft 

 cheese, and he adds a list of the different kinds of cheese from which 

 he has isolated these special yeasts. He gives a detailed account of the 

 growing conditions of the cells and of the effects produced in different 

 culture media. The yeasts of lactose he finds have but little activity 

 as alcoholic ferments and are slow in action. 



Research on Klein's Yeast.J — E. Cohn gives us the results of 

 further work on this yeast that has proved fatal to small animals, and 

 has caused tumours, &c. on the larger animals. He describes the dif- 

 ferent reactions of the cell and the nucleus to stains. He notes specially 

 the presence of the capsule as a ring round the yeast cell, a peculiarity 

 of pathogenic yeasts. The changes induced in the tissues of the animal 

 by the presence of the yeast and the development of the injury caused 

 by it are described. Experiments were also made on immunising the 

 animals, and the results are recorded, but further research is required 

 on this question. 



Action of Yeast on Albumen. § — Th. Bokorny describes in detail 

 the different processes and cultures followed by him in his study of the 

 proteolysis of albuminous substances by yeast ; noting specially the 

 odour and taste of the substances produced, with the commercial bearing 

 of the results obtained. 



Structure of Botrytis cinerea.|| — In addition to the ascospore stage 

 J. Beauverie aud A. Guilliermond distinguish three distinct conditions of 

 this fungus which they have studied by means of cultures on various 

 substances. The first form described is the conidial stage, which occurs 

 so frequently in nature on all kinds of decaying vegetation. The 

 writers describe the development of the mycelium and note the presence 

 of metachromatic corpuscles, especially in the spore-producing filaments. 

 The spores contain one nucleus and a large vacuole. The occurrence of 

 oil-globules and glycogen as affected by the different culture media, is 

 also described. 



A second intermediate form is distinguished by the proliferation of 

 the spores on the sporophores. It is occasionally met with in nature 

 and occurs frequently in temperate conservatories. The same phenomena 

 of mycelial development were observed as in the typical B. cinerea. 



Still another condition is characterised as the web form (toile). It 

 is entirely sterile and spreads over the surface of the soil in forcing- 



* Centralbl. Bakt., x. (1903) pp. 464-8. 



t Ann. Inst. Pasteur, xvii. pp. 11-30. 



t Centralbl. Bakt., l ,e Abt., xxxiii. (1903) pp. 688-96 (2 pis.). 



§ Chem. Zeit , 1903, No. 1. See also Centralbl. Bakt., x. (1903) pp. 285-8. 



|| Centralbl. Bakt., x. (1903) pp. 275-81 (14 figs.), and pp. 311-20 (14 figs.). 



