ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 663 



phyll only being present. In three out of four experiments the extract 

 made from the shoots after exposure to the light showed in addition to 

 the protochlorophyll band a distinct band of chlorophyll. The absence 

 of chlorophyll occurred in the short 10-hour experiment. 



The author claims that this formation of chlorophyll depends exclu- 

 sively on the tension of the light, the quality of the rays not playing 

 any role in the process if the rays of intensity are sufficiently great. 



Observations on the Flagella of the Tetanus Bacillus.* — Silvio 

 de Grandi, in an important paper, gives the results of his work on the 

 flagella of the tetanus bacillus. He worked with two distinct races of 

 the bacillus ; he made his cultures in bouillon and on agar, and used 

 both Buchner's tubes and an atmosphere of hydrogen. Preparations 

 were made at different periods of growth, from 20 hours to 14 days. 

 The staining methods of Loffler, Morax and Nicolle, Gino de Rossi, 

 Trenkmann, and van Ermengem were employed, and the author suggests 

 modifications of some of them. From the flagella standpoint he divides 

 the bacilli into three groups. 



(1) The most complete form. The bacillus is surrounded by 

 numerous — 50-70 — very fine flagella 1-1^ times its own length. 



(2) Many of the flagella of (1) have disappeared and the remainder, 

 about 20-30, have lengthened out to 2 or 3 times the length of the 

 bacillus and have become markedly sinuous. 



(3) This form is characterised by the presence of a few, never more 

 than four, much thicker flagella, " secondary flagella " (Kanthack and 

 Connell), " Wimperhaar" (Loffler). There is in this form also a great 

 diminution in number of the ordinary flagella. There may be seen 

 only one " Wimperhaar " and no other flagella at all. When all flagella 

 have disappeared sporification seems about to take place. The author 

 regards these changes as involutive. 



No. (1) is found most abundantly in early preparations after 2 days 

 in bouillon or 3 days on agar. No. (2) predominates after 3 days in 

 bouillon or 4 days on agar. After 4 clays in bouillon or 5-6 days on 

 agar No. (3) is almost exclusively found. Later than this flagella seem 

 to decrease progressively so that after 10 days it is rare to find 

 any at all. 



As regards movement, the author has found most bacilli absolutely 

 non-motile. In some of the smaller forms however he has noticed a 

 slow and indistinct movement. He considers that to a great extent the 

 flagella of the tetanus bacillus have lost their function. 



Flagellated Micrococcus found in a Septicaemia of Rabbits.f — • 

 G. Catterina described a micrococcus obtained from the blood and spleen 

 of rabbits suffering from a form of septicaemia. It stained well with 

 ordinary stains, but not with Gram. Its diameter was 1 • 5 ft ; it was 

 usually single but sometimes diplococcal forms were observed. It was 

 very motile, and two flagella were demonstrated at opposite poles of the 

 organisms. In gelatin stab cultures after 3 days appeared delicate 

 oblique filaments growing out laterally from the needle track, while on 



* Oentralbl. Bakt., 1" A.bt. Orig., xxxiv. (1903) pp. 97-108. 

 t Tom. cit., pp. 108-112 (4 figs.). 



