12 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST. SOCIETY, Vol. XXJ'I 



" Weight, 4-25 lbs. to 5 lbs." (Hume.) 



Hume gives the length of the bill from gape as 1*6" to 1'8" 

 (40-6 to 45-7 mm.). 



.4 Young Male apparently moulting into adult plumage, has the 

 upper tail-coverts blackish-brown, mottled with chestnut at the 

 tips ; the white centi*al tail feathers have their basis and broad 

 shaft-stripe brown ; the whole of the under surface is black with 

 hai'dly a vestige of gloss and the. gloss on the upper parts is scanty 

 and dull. • 



^1 Young Male in fii'st phimage is dull earthy brown above, much 

 freckled with rufous, the head is darker and the incipient crest is 

 tipped with chestnut; below the chin and throat are dull albescent; 

 neck dark brown ; breast and flanks dark brown, each feather 

 broadly edged with white ; centre of abdomen and vent dull white ; 

 under tail-coverts brown ; thigh-coverts like the flanks. 



Adult Female. — Head, neck and upper back bright chestnut 

 rufous ; lower back and remainder of upper plumage a more bufi* 

 rufous, profusely covered with narrow irregular bars of black : the 

 colours of the upper and lower back grade into one another, and 

 the feathers of the former show more or less black stippling on 

 their terminal halves ; tail and upper tail-coverts a still richer, 

 deeper chestnut than the head, the outer tail feathers immaculate, 

 the inner and upper tail covers narrowly barred with black. 



Wings like the back, but rather more chestnut in general tone. 



Below, chin and throat rufescent white, changing into pale chest- 

 nut on the fore neck ; breast and lower neck bright chestnut, the 

 feathers with broad white edges to the basal halves ; remainder of 

 lower plumage black with broad white edges to each feather, and 

 with the black more or less mixed with chestnut on the flanks ; 

 centre of abdomen and vent mottled white ; under tail-coverts black 

 and chestnut; thigh-coverts black and chestnut with white fringes. 



Individuals vary a great deal in the extent to which the chest- 

 nut of the upper breast encroaches on the lower breast and flanks. 

 In some the whole of the lower plumage has the black more or 

 less mixed with chestnut, whilst in one or two specimens, on the 

 other hand, the chestnut is almost entirely confined to the neck 

 and extreme upper breast. 



Colours of the Soft Parts. — Iris bright pale red ; facial skin smalt 

 blue ; bill, cere, gape and base of both upper and lower mandibles 

 dark horny brown ; rest of bill horny white, greenish white, pale 

 yellowish ; legs bright red or vermilion in front and on the toes, paler 

 behind and on soles which are a pinkish white, claws hornywhite. 

 (Davison.) 



Measurements.— Wing, 8-8" (223-5mm.) to 10-4" (264-lram.), 

 average of thirty-four birds, 9-9" (251-2mm.) ; tail, 6-5" (165-1 

 mm.) to 9-3" (236-2 mm.), average, 8-3" (210-8 mm.) ; tarsus, 



